Struktur Anatomi dan Sifat Daktilitas 25 Jenis Kayu Perdagangan Indonesia

Abstract

Kayu perdagangan memiliki hubungan yang erat terkait pemanfaatannya sebagai material struktural dan non-struktural karena sifat dasar kayu. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis karakteristik 25 jenis kayu perdagangan berdasarkan parameter sifat anatomi sel pori, sifat fisis dan sifat mekanis tekan sejajar serat serta sifat daktilitas kayu. Kayu dikelompokkan ke dalam kelas kuat IV, III dan II berdasarkan nilai berat jenis. Evaluasi sifat anatomi berdasarkan kategori ukuran sel pori. Evaluasi sifat fisis dilakukan terhadap kadar air dan berat jenis. Sifat mekanis dievaluasi terhadap nilai kuat tekan sejajar serat (maximum crushing strength) dan modulus elastisitas serta sifat daktilitas berdasarkan metode Karacabeyli dan Ceccotti, CSIRO Ausralia dan EN. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai rata-rata sel pori dikategorikan sel pori sedang dan besar dengan masingmasing nilai sebesar 117.43-199.09 dan 212.53-356.06 µm. Nilai rataan kadar air dan berat jenis masing-masing berada pada kisaran 10.50-17.88 % dan 0.25-0.79. Sedangkan, nilai MCS, modulus elastisitas dan daktilitas masing-masing berada pada kisaran 20.49-74.18 MPa, 6506-24553 MPa dan 1.22-7.85. Hubungan regresi rendah antara sel pori dengan berat jenis. Bentuk kerusakan yang dominan adalah jenis kerusakan shearing dan crushing. Nilai daktilitas yang dihasilkan metode EN lebih rendah 1.5 kali dibandingkan dengan metode Karacabeyli & Coccetti dan CSIRO Australia.

Commercial wood has a close relationship with its use as a structural and nonstructural material due to the wood nature. This objective research was to analyze the characteristics of 25 commercial wood species based on the parameters of the vessel cell of anatomical, physical, and mechanical properties of compression parallel to grain and ductility. The wood was grouped into strength classes IV, III and II based on its specific gravity value. Anatomical properties evaluation was conducted to categorize the vessel cell size. Physical properties measured were moisture content and specific gravity. Mechanical properties e.g., the maximum crushing strength (MCS), modulus of elasticity, and ductility were analized based on the methods following the Karacabeyli and Ceccotti, CSIRO Ausralia and EN methods. The results showed that the average value of vessel cells were categorized as medium (117.43-199.09 μm) and large pore cells (212.53-356.06 μm). The moisture content and specific gravity average values ranges are 10.50-17.88% and 0.25-0.79 respectively. Meanwhile, the MCS, modulus of elasticity, and ductility ranged from 20.49-74.18 MPa, 6506-24553 MPa and 1.22-7.85, respectively. There was a weak regression relationship between vessel cells diameter and specific gravity. The dominant types of failures in compression were shearing and crushing. The ductility values produced by the EN method was 1.5 times lower than that of the Karacabeyli & Coccetti and CSIRO Australia methods.