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http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/107214| Title: | Penghilangan Rasa Pahit Tepung Biji Kelor (Moringa oleifera) dan Aplikasinya pada Kukis Bergizi Tinggi |
| Other Titles: | Bitter Taste Elimination of Moringa Seed Flour (Moringa oleifera) and Its Application as High Nutrition Cookies. |
| Authors: | Prangdimurti, Endang Muhandri, Tjahja Gunawan, Muhammad Iqbal Fanani |
| Issue Date: | 2020 |
| Publisher: | IPB University |
| Abstract: | Biji kelor (Moringa oleifera) memiliki kandungan gizi yang tinggi, sehingga
memiliki potensi untuk diolah menjadi pangan fungsional. Kadar lemak sebagai
komponen gizi tertinggi sebanyak 36,7% bk, memiliki kandungan asam lemak oleat
mencapai 70% dari total lemak. Biji kelor memiliki kandungan protein yang tinggi
hingga mencapai rata-rata 31,4% bk.
Penelitian terkait biji kelor sebagai sumber gizi di Indonesia sangat terbatas.
Kendala yang membatasi penelitian biji kelor sebagai ingredien pangan yaitu rasa
pahit yang sangat dominan. Rasa pahit diduga disebabkan oleh kandungan fitokimia
seperti alkaloid, saponin, flavonoid, tanin, dan glikosida sianogenat. Glikosida
sianogenat merupakan prekursor sianida yang berbahaya bagi tubuh. Teknologi
pengolahan biji kelor yang tepat, diperlukan untuk menghilangkan rasa pahit,
namun tidak mengurangi komponen gizi dan bioaktif secara signifikan.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh teknik pengolahan yang dapat
menurunkan rasa pahit tepung biji kelor agar dapat diaplikasikan pada kukis. Biji
kelor dikupas, dicuci dengan air bersih, lalu direndam (1:30 w/v) dalam air, NaCl
(3.5% w/v), asam asetat (1N v/v), dan NaHCO3 (0.5% w/v) selama 24 jam. Biji
kelor kemudian direbus (1:5 w/v) pada suhu 90°C, air mendidih (±97°C) dan suhu
perebusan bertekanan (±115°C) selama 35 menit kemudian dikeringkan dan
dijadikan tepung. Tepung biji kelor kemudian dilakukan analisis kualitatif fitokimia,
sensori rating intensitas rasa pahit dan kadar sianida. Tiga tepung dengan rasa pahit
dan kadar sianida terendah dilakukan analisis gizi proksimat dan kapasitas
antioksidan (DPPH dan FRAP) dan total fenolik. Penelitian dilanjutkan dengan
pembuatan kukis menggunakan substitusi tepung biji kelor terpilih (kapasitas
antioksidan tertinggi). Kukis dibuat dari bahan utama terigu yang disubstitusi
dengan 10, 20 dan 30% tepung biji kelor. Analisis yang dilakukan adalah uji sensori
rating hedonik.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses pengupasan, perendaman
dengan NaHCO3 selama 24 jam dilanjutkan dengan perebusan bertekanan dengan
suhu ±115°C merupakan metode paling efektif dalam mengurangi rasa pahit biji
kelor. Perendaman dalam pH diatas 5 diduga mempermudah terjadinya perubahan
glikosida sianogenat menjadi asam sianida yang tidak stabil pada suhu panas dan
mudah larut dalam air. Tepung tersebut menjadi tepung terpilih karena memiliki
rasa pahit dan kadar sianida yang rendah, kapasitas antioksidan FRAP dan
kandungan fenolik yang tinggi. Analisis sensori kukis hasil substitusi 30% tepung
biji kelor memiliki nilai rasa, tekstur, aroma, dan overall yang tidak berbeda
signifikan dari kukis tanpa substitusi. Moringa oleifera seeds have a high nutritional content. Therefore they have the potential to be processed into functional food. Its fat content as the highest nutrient component, reached 36.7% dry weight basis, it also has 70% oleic fatty acid content. Moringa seeds have a high protein content up to an average of 31.4% dry weight basis. Related research regarding Moringa seeds as a source of nutrition in Indonesia is very limited. Constraints that limit the study of Moringa seeds as a food ingredient is a very dominant bitter taste. Bitter taste in plants is caused by phytochemical content such as alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, and cyanogenic glycosides. Cyanogenic glycoside is a cyanide precursor that acts as a toxin for our body. The right Moringa seed processing technology is needed to eliminate the bitter taste but does not reduce the nutritional and bioactive components significantly. This study aims to obtain effective processing techniques that can reduce the bitter taste of Moringa seed flour so that it can be applied to cookies. Moringa seeds peeled, washed with clean water then immersed (1:30 w / v) in water, NaCl (3.5% w / v), acetic acid (1N v / v), and NaHCO3 (0.5% w / v) for 24 hour. Moringa seeds then boiled with water (1: 5 w / v) at 90 ° C, boiling water (± 97 ° C) and pressurized boiling temperature (± 115 ° C) for 35 minutes and then dried and made into flour. Moringa seed flour was analyzed its qualitative phytochemical content, sensory analysis of bitter taste intensity rating, and cyanide levels. Three flours with the lowest bitter taste and cyanide levels were analyzed for proximate nutrition and antioxidant capacity (DPPH and FRAP) and total phenolics content. The research was continued by cookies making with chosen moringa seed flour substitution (higher antioxidant capacity). These cookies were made by wheat flour that was substituted with 10, 20, and 30% of moringa seed flour. The cookies analysis was a hedonic rating sensory test. The results showed that the process of peeling, soaking with NaHCO3 for 24 hours followed by pressure boiling (±115°C) is the most effective method. Immersion in pH above 5 is thought to facilitate the conversion of cyanogenic glycosides to cyanide acids which are unstable at hot temperatures and easily dissolve in water. Aside from its safety, the flour was chosen because it has the FRAP antioxidant capacity and high phenolic content. Sensory analysis results of 30% substitution of Moringa seed flour did not have significantly different taste, texture, aroma, and overall values than those without substitution. |
| URI: | http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/107214 |
| Appears in Collections: | MT - Agriculture Technology |
Files in This Item:
| File | Description | Size | Format | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cover.pdf | Cover | 776.22 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
| F251180736_Muhammad Iqbal Fanani Gunawan.pdf | Fullteks | 6.06 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
| Lampiran.pdf | Lampiran | 460.19 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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