Karakteristik Kokon Ngengat Sutera Samia cynthia ricini (Biosduval) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) dengan Pemberian Pakan Berbeda

Abstract

Samia cynthia ricini (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) adalah serangga penghasil sutera yang telah dibudidayakan di berbagai daerah. Ulat sutera S. c. ricini termasuk spesies polifagus yang menggunakan beberapa spesies tanaman sebagai pakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan durasi tiap fase perkembangan yang dibutuhkan masing-masing fase pradewasa, melakukan karakterisasi kokon dan menguji kualitas serat S. c. ricini dengan pemberian pakan berbeda, yaitu jarak kepyar (Ricinus communis), singkong karet (Manihot glaziovii), dan pepaya jepang (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius). Pemeliharaan larva mulai instar I sampai V. Kokon diamati warna dan diukur bobot, panjang dan diameternya. Kekuatan tarik dari serat tunggal diukur menggunakan alat UTM (Universal Tasting Machine) dan diameter serat diukur menggunakan mikroskop digital Dino-Lite. Daun tanaman pakan larva S. c. ricini dianalisis dengan uji proksimat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan durasi yang dibutuhkan larva S. c. ricini lebih cepat pada pemberian pakan daun jarak kepyar dibandingkan singkong karet dan pepaya jepang. Karakter kokon S. c. ricini pada pemberian pakan daun jarak kepyar mempunyai bobot dan diameter lebih besar dibandingkan pakan singkong karet. Nilai kekuatan tarik dan regangan serat sutera S. c. ricini lebih tinggi pada pakan daun singkong karet.

Samia cynthia ricini (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) is a silk cocoonproducing insect that has been domesticated in various regions. The silkworm S. c.ricini is a polyphagous species that can use several plant species as food. The purpose of this study were to determine the duration of each pre-adult phase, to characterize of the cocoon, and to measure the tensile of the fibers of S. c. ricini fed by different plants species, namely castor (Ricinus communis), cassava (Manihot glaziovii), and spinach (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius). The larvae (1st -5 th instars) were fed by leaves of each plant. Color of cocoons were observed and weight, length and diameter were measured. The tensile strength of a single fiber was measured using a UTM (Universal Tasting Machine) and the diameter of a single fiber was measured using a Dino-Lite digital microscope. Leaves as feed of S. c. ricini larvae were analyzed by proximate analysis. The results showed that giving of castor leaves result the best growth performance of S. c. ricini larvae and the larvae develope to pupae. The weight and diameter of cocoons fed by castor leaves were greater than that of cassava leaves. The tensile strength and diameter of single fibers of S. c. ricini fed by cassava leave was higher than that of castor.