FREKUENSI GEN κ-KASEIN FRIESIAN-HOLSTEIN DI WILAYAH SENTRA PRODUKSI SUSU

Abstract

The objective of this research was to observe frequency of κ-casein gene of Holstein-Friesian (HF) in dairy center region and the effect of sire on frequency of κ-casein gene in offspring. Cows were observed at small dairy holders from some dairy center area respectively Pondok Ranggon, Jakarta (52 heads), Kebon Pedes, Bogor (20 heads), Faculty of Animal Science of IPB (6 heads), Baturraden Breeding Center (BPTU), Purwokerto (249 heads). Holstein-Friesian bulls tested in transferring the κ-casein gene were for a number of 25 heads collected from Lembang IA Center (BIBB Lembang) consisting of imported active bulls (10 heads) and young males of progeny tested bulls (15 heads). Research were carried out through some steps: collecting blood sample as DNA sources, extracting DNA following the work of SAMBROOK, amplifying κ-kasein DNA by PCR method (Polymerase Chain Reaction), identifying allels by cutting PCR product with Pst I (PCR-RFLP) enzyme, calculating frequencies of κ-kasein gene by NEI method. The result showed that the frequencies of A allel from the highest to the lowest were respectively Kebon Pedes and Faculty of Animal Science of IPB (1,00), BIBB Lembang (0,74), Pondok Rangon (0,66) and BPTU Baturraden (0,47). It was proved that the gene frequencies were closely related to the utilized sires.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengobservasi frekuensi gen κ-kasein sapi Friesian-Holstein (FH) di sejumlah daerah sentra produksi susu dan mempelajari pengaruh penggunaan pejantan terhadap frekuensi gen κ-kasein pada anakya. Sapi betina diamati pada peternakan rakyat dari sejumlah daerah sentra produksi susu berurutan Pondok Ranggon, Jakarta (52 ekor), Kebon Pedes, Bogor (20 ekor), Fakultas Peternakan IPB (6 ekor), BPTU Baturraden, Purwokerto (249 ekor). Pejantan FH yang diuji pewarisan gen κ-kaseinnya sebanyak 25 ekor yang ada di Balai Besar Inseminasi Buatan (BIBB) Lembang, terdiri dari pejantan impor aktif IB (10 ekor) dan jantan muda keturunan pejantan progeny test (15 ekor). Sejumlah tahapan kegiatan penelitian meliputi: pengambilan sampel darah sapi sebagai sumber DNA, ekstraksi DNA sesuai dengan petunjuk SAMBROOK, amplifikasi fragmen κ-kasein DNA dengan PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction ), identifikasi alel dengan memotong produknya PCR dengan enzim Pst I (PCR-RFLP), menghitung frekuensi gen κ-kasein menggunakan metode NEI. Hasil menunjukkan frekuensi alel A berurutan dari yang tertinggi sampai terendah adalah Kebon Pedes dan Fapet IPB (1,00), BIBB Lembang (0,74), Pondok Ranggon (0,66) dan BPTU Baturraden (0,47). Frekuensi alel A sangat ditentukan oleh faktor pejantan yang digunakan