PENAMPILAN PRODUKSI SUSU DAN REPRODUKSI SAPI FRIESIAN-HOLSTEIN DI BALAI PENGEMBANGAN PERBIBITAN TERNAK SAPI PERAH CIKOLE, LEMBANG

Abstract

The objective of this research was to evaluate milk production and reproductive performances of Holstein-Friesian (HF) dairy cattle. Data of milk production used were daily and weekly records succesively for 72 and 13 rcds. Data of reproduction consisted of the dates of calving, services and conception. All of those records came from 48 hd of heifers and cows. Milk curves showed that milk yield increased up to reaching the peak at 1 – 2 mo of lactation, then slightly decreased till the end of lactation. The average of daily- (PHR), annual- (PTH) and complete- (PLL) milk yields of HF were relatively high, respectively 14.24, 4058 and 4558 kg. Lactation periode (lactation 1 – 4) significantly affected (P < 0.05) milk production. The peak yield was reached at the 3rd lactation with the yields of PHR, PTH and PLL : 17.25, 4789 and 5240 kg respectively. The averages of lactation period, dry period, days open and calving interval were 313, 94, 141 and 418 d respectively. Both days open and calving interval reached the shortest at the 4th lactation, respectively 110.4 dan 388.4 d. These results showed that although reproductive performance of HFs in this studi was unsufficiently efficient, their milking capacity was still high.

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi penampilan produksi susu dan reproduksi sapi perah Friesian-Holstein (FH) yang dipelihara oleh Balai Pengembangan Perbibitan Ternak Sapi Perah (BPPT-SP) Cikole, Lembang, Jawa Barat. Data produksi susu berupa produksi susu harian yang dicatat per hari dan per minggu masing-masing sejumlah 72 dan 13 catatan. Data reproduksi meliputi tanggal beranak, kawin dan konsepsi. Semua data bersumber dari 48 ekor sapi dara dan induk. Kurva produksi susu meningkat sampai tercapai puncak pada bulan laktasi 1 – 2, selanjutnya menurun perlahan hingga akhir laktasi. Rataan produksi susu harian (PHR), tahunan (PTH) dan laktasi lengkap (PLL) sapi FH pengamatan cukup tinggi, berurutan 14,24, 4058 dan 4558 kg. Periode laktasi (laktasi 1 – 4) berpengaruh nyata (P < 0,05) terhadap produksi susu. Puncak produksi susu dicapai pada laktasi ketiga dengan PHR, PTH dan PLL berurutan 17,25, 4789 dan 5240 kg. Rataan masa laktasi, masa kering, masa kosong dan selang beranak berurutan 313, 94, 141 dan 418 hari. Masa kosong dan selang beranak terpendek terjadi pada laktasi ke empat, masing-masing 110,4 dan 388,4 hari. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan meskipun kinerja reproduksi sapi FH penelitian belum efisien, tetapi kapasitas produksi susunya masih cukup tinggi