Penguatan tata kelembagaan dalam penanganan Nelayan tradisional di wilayah perbatasan Indonesia-australia

Abstract

Penanganan pemerintah Indonesia terhadap permasalahan nelayan tradisional di wilayah perikanan Australia selama ini kurang optimal dan bersifat parsial, sehingga masyarakat nelayan menilai pemerintah Indonesia tidak peduli. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (a) mengkaji landasan hukum yang menjadi dasar pemberian traditional fishing right; (b) menganalisis permasalahan yang terkait dengan praktik traditional fishing right pada nelayan tradisional pelintas batas di wilayah MOU BOX; dan (c) mengembangkan tata kelembagaan dalam penanganan nelayan trardisional di wilayah perbatasan Indonesia – Australia. Analisis hukum mengungkapkan terdapat landasan hukum, yaitu UNCLOS 1982, MoU 1974, MoU 1981, dan MoU 1989. Sementara analisa LFA mengungkapkan bahwa masalah rendahnya pendapatan masyarakat nelayan pelintas batas perlu mendapat perhatian yang serius. Selain itu, ketiadaan modal, GPS; penghancuran kapal, jebakan hutang dan patron-klien, perlu mendapatkan perhatian serius karena hal ini terkait dengan peningkatan perekonomian masyarakat perbatasan. Berdasarkan analisis finansial, usaha penangkapan hiu dan teripang layak dijalankan karena nilai TR>TC, R/C>0, NPV>0, Net B/C>1 dan IRR lebih tinggi dari tingkat suku bunga.

Indonesian government's handling of the problems of traditional fishermen in the fishery Australia have been less than optimal and partial, so that the fishing community to assess the Indonesian government does not care. The purpose of this study are (a) review the legal basis on which the provision of traditional fishing rights, (b) analyzing the problems related to the practice of traditional fishing rights in traditional fishing areas border crossers in the MOU Box, and (c) develop institutional procedures in the handling of fishing trardisional in Indonesia's border regions - Australia. Legal analysis reveals there is a legal basis, namely UNCLOS 1982, MoU 1974, MoU 1981, and MoU 1989 MoU. While the LFA analysis revealed that the problem of low income fishing communities border crossers should receive serious attention. In addition, lack of capital, GPS; destruction of the ship, the debt trap and patron-client, need to get serious attention because it is associated with an increase in the border community's economy. Based on financial analysis, shark and sea cucumber fishing effort viable because the value of TR> TC, R / C> 0, the NPV> 0, Net B / C> 1 and the IRR is higher than interest rates.