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      Augmentasi dan konservasi keanekaragaman Parasitoid : analisis ekologi agroekosistem untuk Menunjang pertanian kedelai berkelanjutan

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      Date
      2009
      Author
      Buchori, Damayanti
      Nurindah
      Sari, Adha
      Adisunarto, Dwi
      Sahari, Bandung
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      Abstract
      Augmentasi parasitoid adalah salah satu teknologi pengendalian hayati yang perlu dikembangkan dalam kerangka terwujudnya pertanian berkelanjutan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan pelepasan parasitoid dalam menekan populasi hama di lapangan. Hasil yang ingin dicapai adalah model augmentasi untuk pengendalian hayati pada pertanaman kedelai. Penelitian dikonsentrasikan untuk mempelajari (1) pengaruh keanekaragaman spesies parasitoid (biodiversity effects) terhadap parasitisasi, (2) pemencaran dan persistensi parasitoid yang dilepas di lapangan. Parasitoid yang digunakan adalah Trichogrammatoidea armigera, Trichogrammatoidea cojuancoi, dan Trichogramma chilotraeae. Uji biodiversity effects dilakukan di lapangan, kemudian verifikasi dilakukan di laboratorium. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa uji lapangan dan di laboratorium menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda. Pada uji lapangan, keberadaan lebikeanekaragaman parasitoid justru menurunkan persentase parasitisasi, tetapi hasil sebaliknya ditemukan di laboratorium. Pemangsaan oleh predator terhadap telur-telur inang yang dipasang mencapai angka 90-100% (diduga termasuk telur-telur yang terparasit), diduga menjadi faktor penyebab berbedaan hasil antara laboratorium dan lapangan. Pemencaran parasitoid mengikuti pola mengelompok, S2/X>1, dan memencar hingga 9 m dari titik pelepasan, serta mampu bertahan hingga hari ke -7 setelah pelepasan. Keanekaragaman spesies parasitoid dapat dimanfaatkan untuk menekan populasi hama. Hasil penelitian ini menjadi dasar penting dalam strategi pelepasan, khususnya penempatan stasiun pelepasan dan sirkulasi pelepasan parasitoid.
       
      Parasitid augmentation is believed to be a powerful method to control pest and promote sustainable agriculture. The objective of the research was to identify key factor analyses affecting parasitoid release for pest control in the field. The result is a model of parasitoid augmentation for biological control. Research werer focused on (1) studying biodiversity effects on parasitization level, (2) dispersion and persistance of released parasitoid. Parasitoid used in this research were Trichogrammatoidea armigera, Trichogrammatoidea cojuancoi, and Trichogramma chilotraeae. Biodiversity effects study was conducted in the field and was verified by laboratoy test. Result showed that there was a difference between field and laboratory test. Release of high diversity of parasitoid in the field resulted in lower parasitization, in contrast, laboratory test showed a different result. Predation on trapped eggs set up by predators reached 90-100% (it is expected to include parasitized eggs), predicted to be a main factor causing the different result between field and laboratory result. Released parasitoid disperse in clump pattern S2/X>1, and reached 9 m from release center. Released parasitoid was still found -7th day after release. Species diversity of parasitoid may be used for controlling pest population. The result of the study is very important foundation for release strategy development, especially in release point and release schedule.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/71624
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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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