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      Pengamatan hama dan penyakit penting pada tanaman krisan (chrysanthemum spp.) di agro alam asli farm, Kecamatan Cisarua, Kabupaten Bogor

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      Date
      2014
      Author
      Novitasari, Dian
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      Abstract
      Krisan (Chrysanthemum spp.) merupakan salah satu tanaman hias penting bagi industri florikutura di indonesia. Krisan banyak di usahakan sebagai bunga potong, bahan dekorasi, dan tanaman dalam pot. Kutu daun, thrips dan penyakit karat merupakan hama dan penyakit penting yang menyerang dan menyebabkan kerusakan pada daun. Thrips juga menyebabkan kerusakan pada bunga yang secara langsung berpengaruh terhadap kualitas akhir dari produk. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui tingkat serangan hama thrips, kutu daun dan intensitas penyakit karat pada beberapa varietas krisan potong, serta pengaruhnya terhadap kualitas hasil panen. Penelitian diawali dengan penentuan lima jenis varietas krisan yang paling diminati di pasaran yaitu Reagent White, Reagent Dark, Fiji White, Fiji Yellow, dan Bunga Nusantara. Kelima varietas yang digunakan diamati dalam petak berukuran 1 m x 1 m dan dipilih sebanyak 10 tanaman contoh. Pada akhir pengamatan, bunga potong yang telah dipanen dikategorikan dalam tiga kelas (A, B, dan reject quality). Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu, kutu daun dan thrips tidak ditemukan di tanaman induk dan pembibitan. Patogen penyakit karat menyerang mulai dari tanaman induk, hingga tanaman di lahan produksi. Pada tanaman produksi, gejala penyakit karat teramati mulai tanaman umur 1 minggu sampai 13 minggu. Varietas Bunga Nusantara merupakan varietas yang lebih rentan terhadap kutu daun Brachycaudus helychrysi namun lebih tahan terhadap Thrips parvispinus. Fiji White dan Fiji Yellow merupakan varietas yang lebih rentan terhadap thrips. Ketahanan lima varietas terhadap patogen karat cenderung berbeda pada fase vegetatif awal namun, ketahanan varietas tidak berbeda pada fase generatif hingga waktu panen. Pada lahan pengamatan, varietas Reagent White menghasilkan grade A tertinggi dibandingkan varietas lainnya
       
      Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum spp.) one of the important ornamental crops on the floriculture industry in Indonesia. Chrysanthemum are commonly cultivated for producing cut flower, decoration material, and potted chryanthemum. Aphids, thrips and rust are a common pest and disease which attack and caused damage to the leaves. Thrips also attacked flower which directly affect the quality of the end product. The aim of this study was to determine the intensity of rust diseases, thrips and aphids on some varieties of Chrysanthemum cut flower, as well as its influence to the quality of the crop. Observation was conducted on five varieties of chrysanthemum which most populer in the market, i.e Reagent White, Reagent Dark, Fiji White, Fiji Yellow, and Bunga Nusantara. Each varieties was observed in plots 1 x 1 m and selected 10 samples of plants. At the end of observation, each plots were harvested to determine the number of cut flower which were grouped into 3 grade (A, B, and reject quality). The result obtained, that aphids and thrips did not attack in nursery, mother plant and production plant. Rust pathogen attacked whole of observation areas. In production plant, symptom of rust disease on leaf was observed from 1 week to 13 weeks after transplanting. Bunga Nusantara is more suspectible to Brachycaudus helychrysi but resistant to Thrips parvispinus. Fiji White and Fiji Yellow is more resistant varieties to thrips. Different resistance level to rust disease of cultivars was showed in early vegetative stage, but not in generative stage until harvest. Reagent White variety produced the highest grade A in the observation plots
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/71545
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