Pola Hubungan Produksi Ponggawa-Petambak: Suatu Bentuk Ikatan patron - Klien (Studi Kasus Masyarakat Petambak di Desa Babulu Laut, Kecamatan Babulu, Kabupaten Pasir, Kalimantan Timur)

Abstract

The relationship of Ponggawa - Petambak in fishfond aquaculture activity was a common phenomenon at many coastal village areas, particularly Babulu Laut Village (East Kalimantan). Although the relationship was considered to exploit petambak, but it had been institutionalized and hadn't been substituted with government formal institution. The aims of this research were (7) to identify interaction network pattern in fishfond aquaculture production and (2) to study the pattern of production relationship of ponggawa - petambak and social function in living of petambak community. Qualitative and quantitative approaches were integrated in this research. The research used survey and case study methods, applying full enumeration survey, observation and in-dept interview. Result showed the followings: (I) there was dyadic vertical interaction between ponggawa and petambak in petambak community, in which ponggawa besar (the higher status) has more wide interaction and complexity, on the other hand, petambak penyakap (the lower status) has simple interaction and more dependence on ponggawa; (2) the relationship pattern of ponggawa - petambak penyakap was a patron - client relationship, it proved by (a) the presence of patron - client substance, ie. valuable thing (maximum profit for ponggawa and met of subsistence need for petambak penyakap) in a reciprocity interaction and carried with society's norms and (b) patron - client characteristics, i.e. inequality exchange in a dyadic vertical relationship, face to face character to make a believed each other, and diffuse flexibility character in the relationship of family, friend, and neighborhood; (3) social exchange of ponggawa - petambak penyakap was a kind of susceptible exchange to exploitation, but still be considered as reciprocity by petambak penyakap as long as their subsistence need was met by ponggawa; (4) ponggawa - petambak relationship was still a choice to petambak society because of its suitability to their need, quick in process and incomplicated bureaucracy.