Study Of Food Habits And Knowledge-Attitude-Practice On Indonesian Dietary Guidelines And Its Impact On Nutritional Status Of Schoolchildren In Cianjur, Indonesia

Abstract

Indonesia currently has fairly complex nutritional problems. Undernutrition and overnutrition known as double-burden of malnutrition problems remain unfinished and become emerging. The emergence of undernutrition and overnutrition are mainly caused by nutritionally imbalanced dietary patterns (food habits). The nutrition knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) and balanced diet play an important role to address these problems. The Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia (2014) has developed new Indonesian Dietary Guidelines (known as Pedoman Gizi Seimbang/PGS in Indonesia) as a recommendation for a balanced diet and healthy lifestyle in all age groups. Indonesian Dietary Guidelines consist of 1) eat a variety of foods, 2) consume vegetables and fruits, 3) consume high-protein foods, 4) consume a variety of staple foods, 5) limitation of sweet, salty, and fatty foods, 6) breakfast regularly, 7) drink enough water, 8) read food label, 9) wash hands with soap, and 10) regular physical activity. Indonesian Dietary Guidelines are essential to be introduced and implemented to schoolchildren; hence, schoolchildren are expected to have optimal nutritional status. The study aimed to determine the relationship between food habits, KAP of Indonesian Dietary Guidelines, and nutritional status of schoolchildren. The specific objectives of this study were as follows: (1) to assess the exposure of Indonesian Dietary Guidelines to schoolchildren; (2) to analyze the KAP of schoolchildren and mothers on Indonesian Dietary Guidelines; (3) to assess the relationship between schoolchildren’s KAP and mothers’ KAP on Indonesian Dietary Guidelines; (4) to assess the relationship between breakfast habits, consumption frequency (protein-source foods, vegetables, fruits, and snacks), and nutritional status of schoolchildren; and (5) to assess the relationship between KAP of schoolchildren and mothers on Indonesian Dietary Guidelines, children’s physical activity, household socio-economic status, and the nutritional status of schoolchildren. dst..