Produksi Inokulum Pupuk Hayati Cendawan Aspergillus niger Skala Lapang Menggunakan Limbah Organik Pertanian sebagai Karier

Abstract

Exploiting microorganism become one of alternatives in using biofertilizer. Aspergillus niger represent one of examples of fungi which can be used as an agent of biofertilizer. The aim of this research was to produce a good quality of A. niger biofertilizer inoculum for field application using agricultural organic waste as a carrier. The research activities were carried out in two stages. First stage was screened the 5 agricultural organic wastes, namely corn cob, rice straw, banana stem, organic market waste, and sorghum stem as fungal growth medium. Split corn was used as a control treatment. Spore and propagule numbers were used as parameter measured for screening activities. Observation was conducted in 20, 40 and 60 days after inoculation. Second stage of the research was to analyze the quality of dried inoculum produced from the first stage of experiment that was kept in 0, 1, 2 and 3 months at room temperature. The parameter measured were spore and propagule numbers, root colonization, and growth respon. Rice and maize were used as tested crops. The A. niger grew very well in the all organic wastes tested. Amoung the 5 wastes tested, organic market waste was the best medium followed by sorghum stem, banana stem, corn cob and rice straw. The propagule obtained was higher than the spore number. The heating and the grinding treatments reduced the quality of inoculum. Reduction of spore number was 4,3%/g media and the propagule was 15,0%/g media compared with the control treatment. This indicated that viability of spore was better than miselia. Based on the numbers of spore and propagule productions indicated that inoculum quality obtained from organic market waste was better than the control treatment (split corn). The 3 months storage treatment had no effect on survival of the fungi obtained from organic market waste. Similarly, physical characteristic of carrier media. However, the 3 months storage treatment reduced the capability of the fungi in colonizing and improving plant growth. Similar results were also observed in the inoculum produced from split corn as a control treatment. The effect of organic matter derived from organic market waste was different from that split corn. Organic market waste increased the growth of rice and maize crops, whereas split corn reduce the growth of both crops.