Analisis DNA Mitokomdria Badak Sumatera dalam Konservasi Genetik

Abstract

Research on the genetics of Sumatran Rhino had been conducted at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology in March 2007 to March 2008. The aims were determining level of genetic diversity of inter-species individual, determining the phylogeny of inter-species individuals, and finding out the genetic distance of four individuals. Blood samples were taken from 2 female Sumatran rhinos (Rosa and Bina) and 2 male Sumatran rhinos (Torgamba and Andalas) from the SRS (Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary), Way Kambas National Park. Analyses was conducted using the CO I gene and D-loop mtDNA. The primers used to amplified sequence of D-Loop partial were RHDLF and RHDLR, while sequence of CO I partial were RHCOIF and RHCOIR. Data were analyzed using the MEGA (Molecular Evolutionary Genetic Analysis) program with African White rhino, African black rhino and Indian rhino from GenBank as the out-groups. The phylogeny were analyzed Neighbor-Joining (NJ) method with 1000 bootstrapped . The PCR product was 711 bp long of CO I gene area, while the D-Loop partial was 677 bp-size DNA fragments. The D-loop DNA sequence also showed that the Sumatran rhinos were significantly different with the African rhinos despite their similarity in appearance, both rhinos had two horns. The Sumatran rhinos apparently had a closer genetic distance with Indian rhinos which had single horn. This suggested that the geographical distribution more influenced by the phylogeny rather than the number of horn.