LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF INTEGRATED PALM OIL INDUSTRY WITH SCENARIOS OF LIQUID AND SOLID WASTES UTILIZATION AND INTEGRATION WITH CATTLE FARM

Abstract

This research work used Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) as a tool for identification possibilities for improvement of crude palm oil (CPO) production, focusing on energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emission aspects. The research was conducted with two cases of palm oil mill (POM). Results showed that energy consumption for production of one ton CPO was 6313 MJ in POM 1, with a Net Energy Ratio (NER) of 6.2 and a Net Energy Value (NEV) of 33.03 GJ/ton CPO, while energy consumption in POM 2 was 7270 MJ/ton CPO with NER of 5.4 and NEV of 32.08 GJ/ton CPO. The GHG emmisions in the case POM 1 and the case POM 2 were 1463 and 624 kg CO2 –eq/ton CPO, respectively. The identified most potential opportunity to improve energy efficiency and reduce emission is the utilization of biogas from anaerobic decomposition process of wastewater as an energy source of power plant. The scenario can reduce emission of approx. 970 kg CO2– eq/ton CPO (POM 2) resulting in NER and NEV increases of up to 5.7 and NEV of up to 33.83 GJ/ton CPO. A further significant improvement of CPO production process can be achieved through the integration of the oil palm plantation with cattle farm and the utilization of solid waste as an organic fertilizer.