Effect Of Bee Venom To Cell Death And Spatial Memory In Mice (Mus Musculus)
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Date
2016Author
Oktiansyah, Rian
Juliandi, Berry
Widayati, Kanthi Arum
Juniantito, Vetnizah
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Bee venom has been used as an alternative medicine as well as prevention
of various diseases. It contains complex compounds and some of its content act as
allergen and inflammation agents. It is expected to cause cell death in brain and to
affect spatial memory. The objective of this study was to determine dose of bee
venom that causes neuronal cell death in dentate gyrus, amygdala, and cerebral
cortex as well as analyze the alteration of mice behaviour, particularly spatial
memory. Fifteen male mice of Deutche Denken Yoken (DDY) were divided into
control and treatment groups. Bee venom was injected six times for two weeks
intraperitoneally with doses 1.88 mg/kg (P1), 3.76 mg/kg (P2), 5.6 mg/kg (P3), and
7.48 mg/kg (P4), respectively. Brain slices were made by paraffin method in 5 μm
coronal section and stained by haematoxylin eosin. The Y maze method was used
for behaviour assay. Parameters observed were the number of neuronal cell death
in hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebral cortex, and percentage of alteration mice
behaviour in Y maze. This study used complete randomized design method which
consists of five treatments and three repetitions. Data was analyzed using one-way
(ANOVA) in SPSS.
The results showed differences in the mean of neuronal cells death in dentate
gyrus, amygdala, and cerebral cortex. Mean of neuronal cells death varied in each
treatment compared to control. The highest mean of dead neuron in dentate gyrus,
amygdala, cortex upper layer (2-4), and cortex deep layer (5-6) was 1510 cell/mm2,
1754 cell/mm2, 1415 cell/mm2, and 1168 cell/mm2 while the lowest mean was 220
cell/mm2, 326 cell/mm2, 420 cell/mm2, and 365 cell/mm2, respectively. The highest
mean of alteration after 24 h bee venom injection was 74.57 % and the lowest was
61.07 %. The highest mean of alteration after 72 h bee venom injection was 76.03 %
and the lowest was 57.50 %. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that effect of
bee venom was significantly different in the number of neuronal cell death in
dentate gyrus and amygdala, but no significant effect in cerebral cortex as well as
mice behaviour. The Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) results showed that
P4 significantly different to neuronal cells death in dentate gyrus and amygdala
compared to other treatments. Based on the study, bee venom induced neurotoxic
effect because it caused neuronal cell death in dentate gyrus, amygdala, and cerebral
cortex and tend to affect spatial memory.