Biodegradation of Fibrous Feed by Phanerochaete chrysosporium (Study of Cocoa Pod Husk and Palm Oil Frond)

Abstract

Utilization of plantation waste as feed can be a solution for sustainable feed resources, high lignin have caused low digestibility. The potential plantation wastes as feed are cocoa pod husk and palm oil frond. For the optimal result, fermentation process has to be applied to improve the value of plantation waste as feed. P. chrysosporium is a white rot fungi producing ligninolytic enzyme that can degrade lignocelluloses linkage. Fermentation of cocoa pod husk by P. chrysosporium without mineral supplement decreased lignin 18.36%. Fermentation P. chrysosporium cocoa pod husk by adding Mn2+ (100 ppm) and Ca2+ (1190 ppm) was more effectively degrading lignocelluloses linkage. Apparently, the optimum concentration of 1190 ppm Ca2+ and 100 ppm Mn2+ for 10 days cocoa pod husk fermentation was optimum for the growth of fungi and production of ligninolytic enzyme. Lignin degradation (38.61%), the ratio of cellulose of lignin (1.25), efficiency biodegradation process (5.65), in-vitro digestibility of dry matter (59.61%) and organic matter (61.03%). Palm oil frond fermentation by P. chrysosporium could reduce lignocelluloses content up to 47.79%. Through this process phenolic compounds was also produced which possessed a high antioxidant activity. Lignocelluloses biodegradation from cocoa pod husk and palm oil frond by P. chrysosporium was able to increase plantation waste quality as feed.