Prospek Ekspor Produk Perikanan dan Kelautan ke Uni Eropa

Abstract

Fisheries product play an important role in Indonesian economy and share as important export commodity. Many importing countries have generated rule and regulation to protect their people from influencing import product. As one of importing country EU has a complex trade regulation comparing with US and Japan. The objective of this study is : (1) to analyze the trade policy in EU, that influence export of fisheries product of Indonesia. (2) to analyze the rejection of fisheries product as consequence of EU rule and regulation and (3) to discuss the Indonesian authority effort in increasing export performance in relation with EU regulation. This study is using national as well as international data and discussed with qualitative descriptive methods. During 2005-2011 export contribution of fisheries product has significantly increased in three export countries (USA, Japan and EU). During this period the export of Indonesian fisheries product to US has increase significantly comparing to Japan and EU. Former study on fisheries export performance to EU is decreased from 31,016 ton in 2006 to13,383 ton in 2010. EU has implemented Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) and Technical Barrier to Trade (TBT) policies. The recent implementation could be tariff, non-tariff and administrative barrier. EU Tariff on Indonesian shrimp product is higher than another export countries, who implemented zero on tariff. The implementation of tariff in EU seems not fair enough and discriminative for Indonesian fisheries export product. Indonesian authority should developed trade creation between Indonesia and EU. Zero tolerance implementation in EU should be adopted as standard rule and regulation for exporting Indonesian shrimp to EU. The intensive on farm shrimp production should be implemented with farm registration, farm inspection, feed quality control, farm monitoring and raw material control. European RASFF has been sent the notification to Indonesian authority from 2004 to 2011. The notification of European RASFF for fisheries product is mainly maximum residue of cadmium and mercury for tuna and antibiotic residue for shrimp product. The rejection case of fisheries product, especially shrimp product is decreased significantly. This condititons describe a good performance of Indonesian producer in complying with the EU regulation. The Indonesian government as competent authority plays a significant role in response every rule and regulation implemented in EU, for example in developing National Residue Control Plan (NRCP) to comply with zero tolerance for antibiotics in EU.