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      Antibacteria Activity of Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) peals Extract Against Staphylococcus aureus & Escherichia coli

      Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Kulit Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) Terhadap Staphylococcus aureus & Escherichia coli

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      Date
      2012
      Author
      Kusumaningrum, Yuanita Nugrahani
      Bintang, Maria
      Kurniatin, Popi Asri
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      Abstract
      Rambutan plant is one kind of fruit plants that widely grown by Indonesian people. Nevertheless, most people only take advantage of its fruit flesh, while the peals is thrown away as waste. The aim of this research was to know the minimum concentration of Rambutan peals extract capable to inhibit and kill gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) growth. Rambutan peals extracted using two solvents, water and etanol 70%. The value of yield extract from etanol 70% solvent and water were each 21.10% and 33.54%. The phytochemical analysis result showed that etanol 70% extract and water extract of rambutan peals contain tannin, saponin, flavonoid, alkaloid, and triterpenoid. Antibacteria activity test indicated the presence of inhibition activity on gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) but not on gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). MIC on S. aureus was observed on concentration 20 mg/ml with diameter of inhibition zone produced by etanol 70% extract and water extract each 7.11 mm and 7 mm. Meanwhile, MBC on etanol 70% extract and water extract for S. aureus was observed on concentration 60 mg/mL indicated by the absence of bacteria colonies that grow in agar medium after 10 minutes of contact with extract.
       
      Tanaman rambutan adalah salah satu jenis tanaman buah yang banyak ditanam oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Namun masyarakat hanya menggunakan daging buahnya saja, sedangkan kulit buah rambutan terbuang menjadi limbah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui konsentrasi minimum ekstrak kulit rambutan yang mampu menghambat dan membunuh pertumbuhan bakteri Gram positif ( Staphylococcus aureus) dan bakteri Gram negatif (Escherichia coli). Kulit rambutan diekstraksi menggunakan dua pelarut yaitu pelarut etanol 70% dan pelarut air. Nilai rendemen ekstrak dari pelarut etanol 70% dan air yaitu masingmasing sebesar 21.10% dan 33.54%. Hasil analisis fitokimia diketahui bahwa ekstrak etanol 70% dan ekstrak air kulit rambutan mengandung senyawa tanin, saponin, flavonoid, alkaloid, dan triterpenoid. Uji aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan adanya daya hambat pada bakteri Gram positif (Staphylococcus aureus) tetapi tidak menghambat bakteri Gram negatif (Escherichia coli). KHTM pada bakteri S. aureus terlihat pada konsentrasi 20 mg/mL dengan diameter zona hambat yang dihasilkan oleh ekstrak etanol 70% dan ekstrak air masing-masing sebesar 7.11 mm dan 7 mm. Sedangkan KBM ekstrak etanol 70% dan ekstrak air terhadap S. aureus pada konsentrasi 60 mg/mL yang ditandai dengan tidak adanya koloni bakteri yang tumbuh pada media agar setelah kontak selama 10 menit dengan ekstrak.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/60690
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      • UT - Biochemistry [1466]

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