Effectivity of Adding Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia Lignosae) Leaf Extract as Antibiotic Replacer on Performances of Broilers Salmonella typhimurium Infected

Abstract

Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia Lignosae) leaf is one of the medicine plant that contain a natural antibacterial such as alkaloid, antrakuinon and saponin. The objective of the research was to study various level mengkudu leaf extract in drinking water as a natural anti bacteria of Salmonella typhimurium on broiler performances. One hundred and eighty DOC (day old chicks) strain Ross were used in a completely randomized design with six treatments, each treatment consisted of three replications. Each replication consisted of ten broiler chickens. The treatments used in this experiment were : P1 = chicks without Salmonella typhimurium infection and without mengkudu leaf extract (positive control), P2= Salmonella typhimurium infected broilers, without mengkudu leaf extract (negative control), P3= Salmonella typhimurium infected broilers, given mengkudu leaf extract 100 mg/kg BW, P4= Salmonella typhimurium infected broilers, given mengkudu leaf extract 200 mg/ kg BW, P5= Salmonella typhimurium infected broilers, given mengkudu leaf extract 300 mg/kg BW, P6= Salmonella typhimurium infected broilers, given tetracycline antibiotic 0.02%. The extract as well as tetracycline were added in the drinking water of broilers at 11-21 days of age (starter period) in the after noon. The broilers were infected orally with Salmonella typhimurium at 10 days of age with dosage of 1.34 x 1010CFU/ml. The performances data of the broilers were analysed with analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that adding mengkudu leaf extract in the drinking water did not effect on the feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and body weight of broiler chickens. Mengkudu leaf extract at the level of 300 mg/kg BW (P5) descriptively can reduce Salmonella typhimurium colony in the excreta compared to positive control (P1), negative control (P2) as well as tetracycline antibiotics (P6).

Salah satu kendala yang dihadapi dalam pemeliharaan ayam broiler adalah rentan terhadap penyakit salmonellosis yang dapat menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi diantaranya tingkat kematian tinggi dan pertambahan bobot badan yang rendah. Upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengatasinya yaitu dengan menggunakan antibiotik. Namun penggunaan antibiotik telah dilarang terutama pada peternakan unggas karena dapat menimbulkan resistensi mikroba yang pada akhirnya dapat membahayakan manusia. Tanaman mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia Lignosae) merupakan salah satu tanaman obat yang mengandung bahan antibakteri alami diantaranya alkaloid, antrakuinon dan saponin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji berbagai taraf pemberian ekstrak daun mengkudu dalam air minum sebagai antibakteri alami Salmonella typhimurium terhadap performa ayam broiler.