Toxic Dose Methanol Extract and Residue of Jatropha curcas L. Meal on Mice (Mus musculus)

Abstract

The Jatropha curcas meal is waste product of Jatropha curcas oil production. It contains high amount of nutrient (56% - 68% crude protein) which can be used as an alternative feed source. However, Jatropha curcas meal content high anti nutritive compound such as phorbolester and lectin (curcin), which can be used as animal poison. The extraction method was done to get the Jatropha anti nutrition in high concentration. Methanol solvent was used as lipid and water extractor substance, including phorbolester which dissolved in fat. This experiment designed in two steps with twenty five males of mice (av. 19.15 ± 3.03 g BW). Treatments in the first experiment were control (diet without Jatropha); R-lO (diet contained 10% residue of methanol extract of Jatropha); R-20 (diet contained 20% residue of methanol extract of Jatropha); E-5 (5% filtrate methanol extract of Jatropha in drinking water) and EF-5 (force drinking of 5% filtrate methanol extract of Jatropha). The treatment continued in the second period, same with the first experiment, except the E-5 was replaced by E-I0 (10% filtrate methanol extract in drinking water). This dose (5% and 10% of filtrate) were based on total body water. The parameter observed were feed consumption, body weight, mortality, blood profile and histopathology. All data were analyzed descriptively. The results of the first experiment showed that there were decreasing of feed intake and body weight of mice fed with R-lO, R-20 and E-5. Treatment with EF-5 resulted 100% mortality in the first day of treatment due to phorbolester, which was indicated by the damage of liver and spleen cells. The result of the second experiment showed that there were decreasing of feed consumption and body weight in all . treatments drastically. The treatment R-20 resulted 80% mortality on sixth days, followed by treatment E-I0 on ninth days, due to the low erythrocyte and leucocyte number below the normal value. Treatment ofR-IO has decreased ofPeV even though they were still alive. It is concluded that dose of Jatropha methanol extract for mice toxicity were 20% residue in the ration or 10% filtrate in water drinking, or 5% filtrate by force drinking.