Characterization of Curcuminoids Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles.

Abstract

Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) is the Indonesian plant that widely used in traditional medicine (Jamu). Its efficacy is associated with pharmacological properties of curcuminoids, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic. Curcuminoids is safe even at high doses in human but weakly soluble in water that restrict its bioavailability. This problems could be overcome by incorporated curcuminoids into solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) as colloidal carriers system. The purpose of this study was to produce and characterize curcuminoids loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (curcuminoids-SLN) as drug delivery system. The ethanolic extract of Temulawak rhizome was analyzed by HPLC and FTIR. The curcuminoid-SLN was produced using homogenizationultrasonication methods and characterized by particle size analyzer, FTIR, and XRD. The entrapment efficiency was determined by spectophotometer-visible. HPLC chromatogram has shown percentage of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin were found to be 64, 28, and 3, respectively. The FTIR spectral data of ethanolic extract generally as well as curcuminoids standard, but have C-O primary alcohol stretching band and higher intensity on OH stretching region. The best ultrasonication condition was 20% amplitude and 120 min. The particle size was 165,8 ± 46,5 nm and polydispersity index was 0,296. The FTIR spectral data of curcuminoids-SLN was reflection of raw materials spectrum and XRD measurement showed that crystallinity of curcuminoids-SLN in the good aggrement with palmitic acid. The best composition of palmitic acid:curcuminoids was 1:0,1 and 1:0,01 with entrapment efficiency 78% and 87%, respectively. In conclusion, curcuminoids-SLN with small and uniform particle size, good crystallinity, and high entrapment efficiency can be obtained by homogenization-ultrasonication method with 20% amplitude and 120 min.

Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) merupakan tanaman khas Indonesia dan biasa ditanam di pulau Jawa. Rimpang merupakan bagian yang paling berguna dari tanaman tersebut terutama untuk tujuan pengobatan tradisonal yang dikenal dengan jamu. Warna kuning khas dan efek farmakologis rimpang temulawak berkaitan erat dengan senyawaan kurkuminoid yang dikandungnya. Kurkumin diketahui memiliki aktivitas antioksidan, antiinflamatori, antimikroba, dan antikarsinogenik. Pengujian klinis memperlihatkan bahwa kurkumin aman untuk manusia bahkan pada dosis tinggi (12 gram/hari) tetapi memilki bioavailabilitas yang sangat rendah. Alasan utama yang menyebabkan rendahnya bioavailabilitas kurkumin dikarenakan senyawa tersebut hampir tidak larut dalam air pada pH asam dan netral sehingga sulit sekali terabsorpsi. Selain itu, kurkumin mengalami metabolisme yang cepat, dan pengeluaran sistemik yang cepat.