Variation of Morphological Structure and Cytochrome b DNA Mitochondria of Kryptopterus spp. and Ompok spp. (Siluridae) of Batang Hari Watersheds, Jambi

Abstract

Kryptopterus spp. and Ompok spp. are locally known as glass catfish. The high variety of Glass catfish can be found in Batang Hari river. Geological history shows that Batang Hari, Musi, Indragiri and Kapuas river were originally part of an ancient river called Sunda Utara. Unfortunately, phyllogeographic analytical research of fauna on these rivers is still very limited. The objectives of this study were to find out the variation of morphological structure and cytochrome b DNA mitochondria of glass catfish on Batang Hari river. Samples were collected from four different locations from upriver to downstream. The morphological structure was measured for 12 characters and based on these characters, 12 proportions of body size were calculated. Amplification of cyt b gen mtDNA was done by PCR with specific primer: CBKR 1 and CBKR 2. The study revealed that four species of glass catfish still inhibit Batang Hari river, namely Ompok hypopthalmus, Kryptopterus limpok, K. micronema, and K. bichirris. Those glass catfish have a small variance, and can only be grouped basically on the species within the same location with PCA method. Sequencing result 927 bp partial of cyt b genes, from the primary target 1104 bp long. Based on nucleotides sequence, there is one site of distinctive nukleotide between Kryptopterus and Ompok. An amino acid was identified as distinguishing factor between Kryptopterus and Ompok from Sumatera. There are 11 of variable nucleotides on K. limpok sequences from Batang Hari river, but only one nukleotide variable found on O. hypopthalmus.

Kryptopterus spp. dan Ompok spp. memiliki struktur morfologis yang mirip sehingga dikenal dengan nama lokal yang sama, “ikan lais”. Salah satu perairan yang memiliki keragaman ikan lais yang tinggi adalah daerah aliran sungai (DAS) Batang Hari. Sejarah geologis menunjukkan bahwa DAS Batang Hari, Musi, Indragiri dan Kapuas berasal dari sungai yang sama yaitu DAS Sunda Utara Purba. Akan tetapi, belum ada penelitian tentang filogeografi fauna antarkelompok sungai yang berasal dari DAS Sunda Utara Purba.