Biokomposit filler nanopartikel serat kulit rotan sebagai material pengganti komposit sintetis fiber glass pada komponen kendaraan bermotor

Abstract

The technology of bionanocomposite development in Indonesia had a good prospects. This is due to the availability of natural resources, especially agricultural products and waste which abundant and can be obtained throughout the year. The rattan bark is one of the agricultural waste that could be used as a source of fiber for bionanocomposite. The objective of this study was to synthesize and characterize bionanocomposite of polypropylene reinforced cellulose nanoparticles of rattan to be used to replace glass fiber as a filler in the composite. Cellulose was made of rattan bark in the form of nanoparticles by mechanical milling method, shaking, heating and ultrsonication in liquid media. These nanoparticles was used as a bionanocomposite filler which was prossesed by injection molding method with variation of concentration from 2% - 20%. The XRD result from the nanoparticles bark of rattan showed β-cellulose phase with monoclinic structure and crystal structure at 2θ = 220 (002). The density of nanoparticles was 0.2492 g cm-3 Keywords: Cellulose, extraction, nanoparticles, biodegradable, ultrasonication, . The surface morphology was elongated like a hollow cylinder. The size of the nanoparticles was 20 nm (TEM testing) with a homogeneous distribution volume of 32 %. Results from EDS and AAT indicated that bionanocomposite comprise of C, H and O as well as minerals Ca, K, Si. The mechanical properties from bionanocomposite of polypropylene reinforced cellulose nanoparticles of rattan was optimum at filler concentrations of 5%. The properties that comparable to synthetic composites were modulus of elasticity, hardness, tensile breaking elongation while, flexural strength and tensile yield strength were lower. This was due to the aglomeration in some areas so that the filler interphase bond was not optimal.