Skrining Herbal untuk Streptococcosis dan Motile Aeromonad Septicaemia (MAS) Secara In Vitro
Screening Herbal to Streptococcosis and Motile Aeromonad Septicaemia (MAS) by In Vitro.
Date
2012Author
Widyastuti, Haezy Satriani Cahya
Yuhana,Munti
Lusiastuti,Angela Mariana
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Streptococcosis is caused by Streptococcus agalactiae bacteria, while Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria is the causative agent of MAS. This research comprised of basic tests. Eighteen plants extracts were screened for their antibacterial activities. These materials were extracted by maceration method that used two types of solvents, i.e. ddH2O and 95% ethanol. The results obtained were crude extracts. In vitro tests were conducted including the sensitivity test of bacteria to plant extracts and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). MIC was performed by the macrodilution method. The bacteria that used were S. agalactiae and A. hydrophila. Results of this study showed that 15 plants extracted by 95% ethanol extraction methods, 83,0% indicated their antibacterial capability against S. agalactiae whereas 4 plant extracts (22,2%) inhibited the growth of A. hydrophila. Extraction method using ddH2O, showed 5 plant extracts (27,7%) inhibited S. agalactiae, and no extracts resulted inhibition zone against A. hydrophila. Both extraction methods were applicable for sirih (P. betle) and kimanila (C. alata) since their extracts showed antibacterial activity to S. agalactiae. MIC value of kunyit (C. domestica), kunyit putih (C. zedoaria), temulawak (C. xanthorrhiza), sirih (P. betle), meniran (P. niruri), ketapang (T. catappa) that extracted by 95% ethanol on S. agalactiae were at 25 mg/ml, and jawer kotok (P. scutellaroides) was at 12.5 mg/mL, the remaining there were bawang putih (A. sativum), kirinyuh (E. inulaefolium), kimanila (C. alata), petai cina (L. leucocephala), kipahit (T. diversifolia), combrang (E. elatior), babandotan (A. comzoides), jambu monyet (A. occidentale) were above 25 mg/ml. MIC value of sirih (P. betle), kimanila (C. alata), jawer kotok (P. scutellaroides), jambu monyet (A. occidentale) on A. hydrophila were more than 25 mg/ml. MIC value of bawang putih (A. sativum), sirih (P. betle), kirinyuh (E. inulaefolium), kimanila (C. alata), kipahit (T. diversifolia) that extracted using ddH2O on S. agalactiae were above 25 mg/mL. Streptococcosis disebabkan oleh bakteri Streptococcus agalactiae, sedangkan penyakit motile aeromonad septicaemia (MAS) disebabkan oleh bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila. Penelitian ini merupakan pengujian dasar untuk mengetahui potensi antibakteri dari 18 ekstrak tanaman, dengan cara ekstraksi menggunakan pelarut etanol 95% dan ddH2O. Hasil ekstraksi yang diperoleh berupa ekstrak kasar. Pengujian dilakukan secara in vitro yang terdiri dari uji sensitivitas bakteri terhadap ekstrak tanaman dan minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). MIC dilakukan dengan metode macrodilution. Bakteri yang digunakan adalah S. agalactiae dan A. hydrophila. Dari 18 tanaman pada pengujian in vitro dari ekstraksi etanol 95% sebanyak 15 tanaman (83,0%) memiliki daya antibakteri terhadap S. agalactiae dan 4 tanaman (22,2%) terhadap bakteri A. hydrophila. Tanaman yang diekstraksi dengan pelarut ddH2O sebanyak 5 macam tanaman (27,7%) menunjukkan daya antibakteri terhadap S. agalactiae dan terhadap A. hydrophila tidak ada ekstrak tanaman yang menunjukkan zona hambat. Tanaman sirih (Piper betle) dan kimanila (Cassia alata), yang diekstraksi dengan etanol 95% ataupun ddH2O, keduanya memiliki daya antibakteri terhadap S. agalactiae. Nilai MIC pada ekstraksi etanol 95% terhadap S. agalactiae dari tanaman kunyit (Curcuma domestica), kunyit putih (Curcuma zedoaria), temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza), sirih (P. betle), meniran (Phyllanthus niruri), ketapang (Terminalia catappa) adalah sebesar 25 mg/ml, dari tanaman jawer kotok (Plectranthus scutellaroides) adalah sebesar 12,5 mg/ml. Delapan jenis tanaman lainnya, yaitu bawang putih (Allium sativum), kirinyuh (Eupatorium inulaefolium), kimanila (C. alata), petai cina (Leucaena leucocephala), kipahit (Tithonia diversifolia), combrang (Etlingera elatior), babandotan (Ageratum conyzoides), jambu monyet (Anacardium occidentale) di atas 25 mg/ml. Pada pengujian terhadap A. hydrophila, tanaman sirih (P. betle), kimanila (C. alata), jawer kotok (P. scutellaroides), jambu monyet (A. occidentale) memiliki nilai MIC di atas 25 mg/ml. Nilai MIC tehadap S. agalactiae dari kelima tanaman uji, yaitu bawang putih (A. sativum), sirih (P. betle), kirinyuh (E. inulaefolium), kimanila (C. alata), kipahit (T. diversifolia) yang diekstraksi dengan ddH2O berada di atas 25 mg/ml.
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