Rancang bangun model pengembangan klaster agroindustri aren di Sulawesi Utara

Abstract

Sugar-palm (Arenga pinnata Merr) is local plant which produced some products such as palm sugar, brewing and alcohol. Most of sugar-palm agroindustries in Indonesia are rural industries and involved many household for harvesting and processing. This research is aimed to design a system modeling for strategic planning in the development of sugar-palm agroindustry. Sulawesi Utara is second production center in Indonesia, was chosen as case study. Designing models consisted of (1) determinationof location, (2) determination of core industry, (3) cluster institutional, (4) determination of processing tecnologiy, and (5) financial analysis. The result showed that Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan was the potential location for agroindustry cluster development in Sulawesi Utara, with palm-sugar based industry was the most prospective core industry, and crystal palm-sugar as most prospective products. The results explained the interpretive structural modeling could be identified as hierarchical structure, classification of matrix driver power-dependency, and the key elements of the essential agroindustry development system. Output from ptocessing technology models shows that crystal palm sugar industry with 5000 liters of palm saps production capacity and open-pan & vacuum evaporating techniques were chosen as competitive processing technology; and feasible to be developed in Sulawesi Utara.

Agroindustri aren memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan, baik ditinjau dari ketersediaan bahan baku, tenaga kerja, proses produksi, maupun peluang pasar. Pengembangan industri ini mempunyai arti penting karena dapat memperluas kesempatan kerja, meningkatkan nilai tambah, meningkatkan pendapatan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat khususnya di wilayah pedesaan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan model penunjang keputusan pengembangan klaster agroindustri yang menggunakan bahan baku yang berasal dari tanaman aren di Sulawesi Utara. Sistem model yang dibangun dianalisi dengan menggunakan beberapa teknik pendekatan. Sub model lokasi pengembangan klaster digunakan teknik loqation quotient dan analitycal hirarchy process (AHP), sub model industri inti menggunakan teknik AHP, sub model kelembagaan klaster menggunakan teknik interpretive structural modelling, sub model pemilihan produk menggunakan teknik AHP, sub model penentuan kapasitas olah dan teknologi pengolahan menggunakan metode perbandingan eksponensial. Sedangkan sub model penilayan kelayakan investasi menggunakan kriteria-kriteria finansial. Berdasarkan keluaran model, lokasi pengembangan klaster agroindustri aren prioritas di Sulawesi Utara adalah Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan, diikuti oleh Kota Tomohon, dan Kabupaten Minahasa. Sedangkan agroindustri inti prospektif untuk dikembangkan adalah agroindustri gula aren, diikuti oleh agroindustri bioetanol dan agroindustri minuman beralkohol.