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      Identifikasi Keberadaan Gen Nitrilase Dalam Sampel Tanah Melalui Pendekatan Metagenomik

      dentification of Nitrilase Gene Existence in Soil Sample Using Metagenomic Approach.

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      Date
      2012
      Author
      Dahlia, Nindi Putri
      Hami, Djarot Sasongko
      Sunarko, Bambang
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      Abstract
      Nitrilase is an enzyme that is responsible for direct biotransformation of nitrile compounds (R-CN)producing carboxylic acid and ammonia. During the last decade, most of pharmaceutical and industrial processes tend to use nitrilase-based biotransformation rather than chemical synthesis. Some of bacteria that have been reported to have nitrilase enzyme are Rhodococcus, Grobacterium, and Pseudomonas. This research aims to isolate and identify the existence of nitrilase gene from soil sample using metagenomic approach. Three control nitrilase bacteria were polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-analyzed using designed primer (H1F-H1R). Detection of nitrilase gene towards those three isolates –that had been proved to have an ability to biotransform acetonitrile into acetic acid- using the designed H1F-H1R primer showed that all of the three isolates contain nitrilase gene fragment. The existence of nitrilase gene in soil sample could be identified by direct DNA extraction and nitrilase gene amplification using H1F-H1R primer. BLASTN analysis result revealed that the nitrilase gene fragment which was amplified by H1F-H1R primer has a high homology (with the value of 98%) with Rhodococcus rhodochrous strain tg1-A6 nitrilase gene. These amplification and DNA fragment sequencing results indicated that nitrilase gene existence on soil sample can be identified by metagenomic approach.
       
      Nitrilase merupakan enzim yang berperan dalam biotransformasi senyawa nitril (R-CN) secara langsung, sehingga menghasilkan asam karboksilat dan amonia. Selama dekade terakhir ini, beberapa proses pada bidang farmasi maupun industri mengarah kepada proses biotransformasi dengan enzim nitrilase dibandingkan dengan sintesis kimiawi. Beberapa bakteri yang dilaporkan memiliki enzim nitrilase, antara lain Rhodococcus, Grobacterium, dan Pseudomonas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi keberadaan gen nitrilase dari sampel tanah dengan pendekatan metagenomik. Tiga bakteri kontrol nitrilase dianalisis dengan metode polymerase chain reaction (PCR) menggunakan primer yang telah didesain (H1F-H1R). Deteksi gen nitrilase dengan menggunakan primer H1F-H1R terhadap ketiga isolat bakteri yang telah terbukti memiliki kemampuan dalam biotransformasi senyawa asetonitril menjadi asam asetat menunjukkan bahwa ketiga isolat bakteri tersebut mengandung fragmen gen nitrilase. Keberadaan gen nitrilase dalam tanah dapat diidentifikasi dengan ekstraksi DNA secara langsung dan amplifikasi gen nitrilase dengan primer H1F-H1R. Hasil analisis dengan BLASTN memperlihatkan bahwa fragmen DNA yang diamplifikasi dengan primer H1F-H1R mempunyai homologi yang tinggi yaitu sebesar 98% terhadap Rhodococcus rhodochrous strain tg1-A6 nitrilase gene. Hasil amplifikasi dan sekuensing fragmen DNA ini menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan gen nitrilase pada sampel tanah dapat diidentifikasi dengan pendekatan metagenomik.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/54735
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      • UT - Biochemistry [1466]

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