Biodiversity of Superfamily Papilionoidea Butterflies (Lepidoptera) at Bantimurung-Bulusaraung National Park, Maros Regency, South Sulawesi

Abstract

Bantimurung-Bulusaraung National Park is one of national parks in Indonesia which has high diversity of butterflies. Increasing number of tourists and local butterfly collectors have caused changes of the butterfly habitat and may decrease butterfly population in the park. Aim of the research was to study the diversity of the papilionoid butterflies in Bantimurung-Bulusaraung National Park based on different habitats. The observations were done by scan sampling method in the morning and afternoon at three locations i.e., Pattunuang Nature Reserve, Leang-leang Nature Reserve, and Bantimurung National Park. Results showed that 144 spesies and 6.802 individual of butterflies were found at the areas within 7 weeks of observation. At Leang-leang Nature Reserve, Pattunuang Nature Reserve and Bantimurung National Park were found 113 spesies (2.024 individu), 101 spesies (1.828 individu) and 98 spesies (2.950 individu) of butterflies, respectively. The diversity of butterflies was higher in the national parks (H’ > 3). Pattunuang Nature Reserve has higher value (H’ = 4,06) than Bantimurung National Park (H’ = 3,97) and Leang-leang Nature Reserve (H’ = 3,87). Sorensen similarity index (CN) showed that three research locations were different community structures because there were several different dominant species at each location. Statistically, wind speed gave more significant effect on the number of individuals butterfly than other climate parameters.

Ordo Lepidoptera terbagi dalam 47 superfamili dan 124 famili. Superfamili Papilionoidea merupakan salah satu superfamili dari ordo Lepidoptera. Kupu-kupu termasuk dalam subordo Glossata yang terbagi dalam dua superfamili, yaitu superfamili Hesperioidea mempunyai satu famili, yaitu famili Hesperiidae. Sedangkan, superfamili Papilionoidea mempunyai 5 famili, yaitu Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae, Riodinidae, dan Lycaenidae. Superfamili Papilionoidea terdiri atas semua kupu-kupu, kecuali skippers yang termasuk dalam superfamili Hesperioidea. Superfamili Papilionoidea merupakan kelompok yang paling banyak diteliti, meliputi pola warna sayap dan distribusinya. Taman Nasional Bantimurung-Bulusaraung (TN Babul) merupakan taman nasional yang memiliki luas ± 43.750 ha, terletak di wilayah administratif Kabupaten Maros dan Pangkep, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Kawasan ini menjadi taman nasional didasarkan atas pertimbangan bahwa kawasan tersebut merupakan ekosistem karst yang memiliki keanekaragaman hayati yang tinggi dengan jenis-jenis flora dan fauna endemik, unik, dan langka. TN Babul merupakan salah satu taman nasional yang terkenal dengan keragaman kupu-kupu, sehingga diberi julukan sebagai Kingdom of Butterflies. Taman nasional ini merupakan habitat bagi banyak spesies kupu-kupu, termasuk yang langka dan endemik, di antaranya Graphium androcles dan Papilio blumei.