Uji daya beberapa galur kedelai (Glycine max L. Merr) di Majalengka pada dua musim tanam

Abstract

Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr) is a very important crop in Indonesia. The development of new elite varieties is one approach to increase the national production of soybean. We have developed several potential lines of soybean to be realeased as a new variety. The productivity of these lines has to be tested in several locations. Therefore the objective of this research is to study the productivity of fourteen soybean lines resulted from the cross between Slamet and Nokonsawon varieties and four national varieties as standard in Majalengka in two seasons. The research was designed as Randomized Block, with three block replications in two planting seasons. The result showed that based on the seed production per plant, at the two seasons, all the lines tested had higher productivity than that of Anjasmoro variety which is the elite varieties recognized as the highest productivity. All lines have bigger seed size than that of four standard varieties. Soybean lines KH 40, KH 42, KH 44, KH 58 were the potential lines to be released as new varieties with high productivity and big seed size. More over KH 42 line adapt very well in two planting seasons.

Kedelai merupakan salah satu tanaman pangan penting di Indonesia, tetapi produktivitasnya lebih rendah jika dibandingkan negara lain seperti China dan Amerika. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menguji daya hasil 14 galur kedelai dari persilangan Slamet x Nokhonsawon (KH 8, KH 9, KH 10, KH 11, KH 28, KH 31, KH 35, KH 38, KH 40, KH 42, KH 44, KH 55, KH 58, KH 71) dan empat varietas unggul nasional (Anjasmoro, Slamet, Tanggamus, Wilis) sebagai pembanding. Penanaman musim pertama dilaksanakan mulai tanggal 19 Desember 2009 sampai tanggal 20 Maret 2010 dan musim kedua dilaksanakan mulai tanggal 25 Mei sampai tanggal 18 Agustus 2010 di kebun petani di Dusun Tarik Kolot Majalengka dan pengamatan komponen hasil setelah panen dilakukan di rumah kaca Pusat Penelitian Sumberdaya Hayati dan Bioteknologi IPB, Darmaga-Bogor. Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri dari 18 genotipe kedelai (14 galur harapan kedelai dan 4 varietas pembanding) dengan tiga kali ulangan selama dua musim tanam. Setiap satuan percobaan merupakan petakan yang berukuran 5 m x 4 m. Analisis data menggunakan model linier umum SPSS (Statistical Product Service Solution) versi 17.0 untuk software Windows, meliputi analisis ragam, Uji DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test), uji kontras orthogonal, dan analisis kuadran/IPA (Important Performance Analisys). Untuk mengetahui adaptasi galur-galur yang diuji dilakukan analisis model AMMI (Additive Main Effect Multiplicative Interaction) dengan software SAS.