Pengaruh Temperatur Terhadap Perkembangan Pradewasa, Daya Tahan, Jangka Hidup, Fekunditas, dan Siklus Gonotrofik Nyamuk Anopheles, Vektor Penyakit Malaria Di Indonesia (Effect of Temperatures on Pre-Adult Development and Gonotrophic Cycle of Anopheles aconitus (Diptera: Culicidae), Malaria Vector in Indonesia)

Abstract

Gonotrophic cycle andpre-adult development of Anopheles aconitus, malaria vector were examined in the laboratory. Fifty mosquitoes out 25 females and 25 males were reared under ambient temperature in insectarium of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor. The result showed that from one generation, the mosquito pass through eight gonotrophic cycles. The blood-fed of Anopheles aconitus laid their eggs on the second and the fourth days after blood feeding. The average number of egg laid was 38 eggs, and developmental period of eggs was one to five days from oviposition to hatch. The average length periods of each larval instar and pupa were 3,4 days for L1, 3 days for L2, 3 days for L3, 3,9 days for L4, and 1,25-1,5 days for pupal period. Total time needed for the development from egg period to adult was 17,97 days in ambient temperature. Pre-adult development of the mosquito was also reared under six different temperatures, i.e. 18°, 21°,24°, 27°, 30° dan 33°C, in environmental chamber. Observation was done every 12 hours from period of eggs to adult. The result showed that development period shortened with increase of temperature, and it required 27,11 at 18°C, 20,11 days at 21°C, 17,32 days at 24°C, 15,70 days at 27°C, 11,83 days at 30°C, and 10,34 days at 33°C. The critical development of An. aconitus was larval period, especially on LI and L2 that showing the highest mortality or the lowest of survival rate compared other stadium.