Penapisan dan Identifikasi Bakteri yang Berasosiasi dengan Spons Jaspis sp. Penghasil Inhibitor Protease

Abstract

Sponges have been known as excellent sources for natural products such as bioactive compounds. Their bioactivities include enzyme inhibitors, cell divisioninhibitors, antiviral, antifungal, antimicrobial, etc. The aims of this study were to screen sponge-associated bacteria producing protease inhibitor. The bacteria were isolated by using sea water complete media to screen protease inhibitor and to determine the activity of the protease inhibitor toward several substrates, i.e proteinase K, crude extract, and subtilisin. The bacteria that produce protease inhibitor were screened with skim milk double layer plate agar. Among 136 isolates examined, three isolates i.e SAB S-17, SAB S-21, and SAB S-43 yielded protease inhibitor. One of the most potential protease inhibitor producer, the bacteria isolates SAB S-21 (± 90%) for those three subtrates, was identified as Bacillus pumilus strain 210_50. This strain produced protease inhibitor with optimum temperature and pH 20oC-40oC and 5-8, respectively.

Spons merupakan sumber produk alami berupa senyawa bioaktif. Sumber senyawa bioaktif tersebut dapat berupa inhibitor enzim, inhibitor pembelahan sel, antivirus, antifungi, antimikroba, anti-imflamantori, antitumor, atau sitotoksik. Asosiasi spons dengan bakteri mampu menghasilkan inhibitor protease yang berfungsi dalam penghambatan protease yang dihasilkan oleh bakteri patogen. Pencarian inhibitor asal mikroba laut diawali dengan proses penapisan bakteri penghasil inhibitor protease menggunakan lapisan ganda kasein. Inhibitor ini sangat berguna dalam bidang farmakologi. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian tentang pencarian senyawa inhibitor khususnya inhibitor protease pada bakteri yang berasosiasi dengan spons Jaspis sp.