Prevalence of Avian Influenza Virus Subtype H5N1 in Waterfowl in West Java Province of Indonesia

Abstract

The source of avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H5N1 transmission in poultry and human continuous to be unclear. This research aimed to isolate AIV, primarily subtype H5N1, from backyard waterfowls (ducks, muscovy ducks, geese) in West Java. Cloacal swab sample was obtained from healthy and unvaccinated backyard waterfowls from the districts of Sukabumi and Bogor. Cloacal swab was propagated in nine day old specific pathogen free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs. Allantoic fluid was harvested at the 4th day of incubation and then tested for hemagglutination activity. Positive allantoic fluid was further tested for the present of AIV subtype H5N1 using Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction with standard primer pairs. Of the total 460 samples, 21 were positive VAI H5N1 (4.57%). Another 13 were HxN1(2.83%), 3 were H5Nx (0.65%) and 8 were HxNx (1.74%) subtypes. Of the total number (21 isolate) of AIV subtype H5N1 isolated from backyard waterfowls in West Java, 17 isolate (6.49%) from Bogor Regency and 4 isolate (2.02%) from Sukabumi Regency.