Faktor Risiko Ketidakberhasilan ASI Eksklusif di Provinsi Jawa Barat

Abstract

Cakupan ASI eksklusif di Jawa Barat masih berada di bawah target nasional. ASI eksklusif merupakan pemberian air susu ibu selama 6 bulan penuh tanpa diberikan cairan atau padatan lain, kecuali larutan rehidrasi oral atau vitamin, mineral, dan obat-obatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis faktor risiko ketidakberhasilan ASI eksklusif di Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain study cross sectional dengan data sekunder Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) 2023. Subjek dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 1.313 dengan 546 subjek tidak berhasil ASI eksklusif (41,6%) dan sebanyak 767 subjek berhasil ASI eksklusif (58,4%). Hasil analisis multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik menunjukkan bahwa faktor risiko ketidakberhasilan ASI eksklusif adalah pendidikan ibu (OR: 1,840; 95%CI: 1,234–2,742), paritas (OR: 2,247; 95%CI: 1,712–2,950), wilayah tempat tinggal (OR: 1,407; 95%CI: 1,005–1,970), metode persalinan (OR: 1,688; 95%CI: 1,297– 2,198) serta pemberian kolostrum (OR: 2,511; 95%CI: 1,828–3,449). Penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya edukasi menyusui serta dukungan laktasi pada ibu primipara dan pasca-persalinan caesar.

The coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in West Java is still below the national target. Exclusive breastfeeding was defined as the provision of breast milk for the first six months of life without any additional liquids or solid foods, except oral rehydration solution or vitamin, mineral, and medication supplements. The purpose of this study was to analyze the risk factors for the failure of exclusive breastfeeding in West Java. This study used a cross-sectional design with secondary data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI). There were 1,313 subjects in this study, with 546 subjects failing to achieve exclusive breastfeeding (41.6%) and 767 subjects achieving exclusive breastfeeding (58.4%). The results of multivariate analysis using logistic regression showed that the risk factors for exclusive breastfeeding failure were maternal education (OR: 1.840; 95% CI: 1.234–2.742), parity (OR 2.247; 95% CI: 1.712–2.950), area of residence (OR 1.407; 95% CI: 1.005–1.970), childbirth method (OR 1.688; 95% CI: 1.297–2.198), and colostrum feeding (OR 2.511; 95% CI: 1.828–3.449). This study emphasizes the importance of breastfeeding education and lactation support for primiparous mothers and those who have undergone cesarean section.