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      Profil Metabolit Serta Aktivitas Biologi Fraksi Etanol dan n-Heksana dari Umbi Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb

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      Date
      2025
      Author
      Komalasari, Nurma Angeliani
      Sy., Gustini
      Purwantiningsih
      Ambarsari, Laksmi
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      Abstract
      Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb. atau bawang Dayak telah lama dimanfaatkan dalam pengobatan tradisional karena kandungan metabolit sekundernya, seperti flavonoid, alkaloid, fenolik, dan terpenoid yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan, antibakteri, dan antijamur. Meski berbagai penelitian sebelumnya telah menguji aktivitas biologis dari ekstrak etanol atau fraksi tertentu, informasi terkait komposisi metabolit utama dalam masing-masing fraksi serta keterkaitannya terhadap aktivitas biologis masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi kandungan metabolit sekunder dalam fraksi etanol dan n-heksana umbi E. bulbosa, mengevaluasi aktivitas antioksidan, antibakteri, dan antijamurnya, serta menganalisis hubungan senyawa bioaktif dengan aktivitas biologis yang dihasilkan. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat memperluas data ilmiah mengenai potensi bioaktivitas tanaman ini, sekaligus sebagai dasar pengembangan produk herbal antioksidan dan antimikroba alami. Sebagai nilai kebaruan, penelitian ini menjadi studi pertama yang membandingkan kandungan senyawa bioaktif serta aktivitas antioksidan dan antibakteri secara menyeluruh antara fraksi etanol dan n-heksana dari umbi E. bulbosa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode maserasi etanol 96% terhadap umbi E. bulbosa, dilanjutkan fraksinasi cair-cair menggunakan n-heksana. Fraksi n-heksana juga mengalami saponifikasi untuk memisahkan komponen non-saponifikasi. Kandungan metabolit sekunder diidentifikasi melalui uji fitokimia, GC-MS untuk fraksi n-heksana, dan LC-MS/MS untuk fraksi etanol. Aktivitas antioksidan diuji dengan metode DPPH, sedangkan aktivitas antibakteri dan antijamur dilakukan menggunakan metode difusi cakram terhadap Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, dan Candida albicans. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan untuk data antibakteri-antijamur diuji statistik menggunakan uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal-Wallis, serta uji lanjut Dunn-Bonferroni untuk melihat perbedaan signifikan antar fraksi. Hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukkan fraksi etanol mengandung senyawa polar secara dominan, sedangkan fraksi n-heksana mengandung metabolit nonpolar. Analisis GC-MS dan LC-MS/MS mengidentifikasi senyawa aktif seperti eleuterol, resveratrol, stigmasterol, metil palmitat, dan flavonoid metoksilasi. Aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi diperoleh fraksi etanol (IC50 47,54 mg/L) dan fraksi dietil eter (IC50 50,54 mg/L). Uji antibakteri menunjukkan fraksi dietil eter paling efektif terhadap S. aureus, sedangkan aktivitas antijamur terbaik terhadap C. albicans juga ditunjukkan fraksi ini. Terdapat hubungan erat antara kandungan senyawa bioaktif dengan aktivitas biologis yang dihasilkan. Disarankan penelitian lanjutan untuk isolasi senyawa aktif murni, optimasi metode fraksinasi, uji KHM, KBM/KFM, serta uji toksisitas sebagai dasar pengembangan produk fitofarmaka atau bahan antimikroba alami.
       
      Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb., commonly known as bawang Dayak, is a medicinal plant traditionally used in various tropical regions due to its rich content of secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolics, and terpenoids with potential antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. Although several studies have reported the biological activities of ethanol and n-hexane extracts, comprehensive information on the metabolite profiles of each fraction and their correlation with biological activities remains limited. This study aimed to identify secondary metabolites in ethanol and n-hexane fractions of E. bulbosa bulbs, evaluate their antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities, and analyze the relationship between bioactive compounds and their biological effects. The findings are expected to enrich scientific data and support the development of herbal-based antioxidant and antimicrobial agents. As a novelty, this research provides the first comparative evaluation of metabolite profiles and bioactivities between ethanol and n-hexane fractions of E. bulbosa. This study involved maceration of E. bulbosa bulbs with 96% ethanol, followed by liquid-liquid extraction using n-hexane. The n-hexane fraction was saponified to obtain a non-saponifiable fraction. Secondary metabolites were identified through phytochemical tests, GC-MS (for n-hexane fractions), and LCMS/MS (for ethanol fraction). Antioxidant activity was measured using the DPPH method, while antibacterial and antifungal activities were tested via disc diffusion methods against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. Data were analyzed descriptively and for antibacterial-antifungal data, statistical tests were carried out using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and the Dunn-Bonferroni advanced test to see significant differences between fractions. Phytochemical screening revealed that the ethanol fraction contained polar metabolites, while the n-hexane fraction was rich in non-polar compounds. GC-MS and LC-MS/MS analyses identified key bioactive compounds such as eleutherol, resveratrol, stigmasterol, methyl palmitate, and methoxylated flavonoids. The highest antioxidant activity was found in the ethanol fraction (IC50 47,54 mg/L) and the unsaponified n-hexane fraction (IC50 50,54 mg/L). Antibacterial tests showed diethyl eter fraction had the strongest effect against S. aureus, while antifungal activity against C. albicans was also highest in this fraction. A strong correlation was found between bioactive compound content and biological activities. It is recommended that further studies focus on isolating pure bioactive compounds, optimizing fractionation methods, conducting MIC and MBC/MFC tests, and performing toxicity evaluations to support the development of herbal-based medicinal products.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/168862
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      • MT - Mathematics and Natural Science [4149]

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