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      Kombinasi Ekstrak Daun Remek Daging dan Pulai sebagai Agen Imunosupresan Berbasis Herbal

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      Date
      2025
      Author
      Salsabila, Adisa Putri
      Iswantini, Dyah
      Trivadila
      Mayasari, Ni Luh Putu Ika
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      Abstract
      Hipersensitivitas imun, termasuk penyakit autoimun seperti lupus dan artitis reumatoid, merupakan masalah kesehatan global yang ditandai oleh aktivasi sistem imun berlebihan. Kondisi ini menyebabkan peradangan kronis dan kerusakan jaringan tubuh. Untuk mengatasi kondisi ini, imunosupresan sintetis seperti glukokortikosteroid banyak digunakan, namun penggunaannya dalam jangka panjang sering memicu efek samping serius seperti peningkatan risiko infeksi. Oleh karena itu, pengembangan agen imunosupresan alternatif berbasis herbal menjadi urgensi yang perlu dieksplorasi. Tanaman Hemigraphis colorata (H. colorata) dan Alstonia scholaris (A. scholaris) diketahui memiliki senyawa bioaktif seperti flavonoid dan alkaloid yang bersifat antioksidan dan antiinflamasi sehingga kombinasi ekstrak dari keduanya diduga dapat memberikan efek sinergis sebagai agen imunosupresan yang lebih aman dan minim toksisitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi potensi kombinasi ekstrak daun H. colorata dan A. scholaris dalam menghambat aktivitas enzim siklooksigenase-2 (COX-2) dan menurunkan produksi sitokin proinflamasi seperti, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1ß), interleukin1 alpha (IL-1a), dan interleukin-2 (IL-2) secara in vitro. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 30%, menghasilkan lima formula berdasarkan rasio campuran kedua tanaman. Aktivitas antioksidan diuji menggunakan metode 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil, kandungan flavonoid ditentukan secara kolorimetri, sedangkan toksisitas awal dievaluasi melalui metode brine shrimp lethality test. Aktivitas imunosupresan dianalisis menggunakan kultur sel makrofag RAW 264.7 yang diinduksi dengan lipopolisakarida (LPS) untuk menstimulasi produksi sitokin, dan penghambatan COX-2 dianalisis menggunakan inhibitor screening assay kit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh formula berada dalam kategori tidak toksik. Formula F5, kombinasi H. colorata dan A. scholaris dengan rasio 2:1, memiliki kandungan flavonoid yang tinggi dan aktivitas antioksidan yang sangat kuat. Formula ini juga menunjukkan kemampuan yang baik dalam menghambat COX-2 serta menurunkan kadar TNF-a, IL-6, IL-1ß, IL-1a, dan IL-2 pada sel RAW 264.7 secara dose-dependent. Dibandingkan dengan ekstrak tunggal, kombinasi dua ekstrak tersebut terbukti memberikan efek biologis yang lebih baik dengan tingkat toksisitas yang lebih rendah. Dengan demikian, kombinasi ekstrak daun H. colorata dan A. scholaris berpotensi sebagai agen imunosupresan berbasis herbal yang efektif dan aman. Efek sinergis yang dihasilkan memperkuat aktivitas antiinflamasi sekaligus menurunkan risiko toksisitas, sehingga relevan untuk dikembangkan sebagai alternatif terapi dalam penanganan kondisi inflamasi berlebih dan hipersensitivitas sistem imun.
       
      Immune hypersensitivity, including autoimmune diseases such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, is a global health issue characterized by excessive immune system activation. This condition may lead to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. Although synthetic immunosuppressants such as glucocorticosteroids are commonly used, their long-term administration is often associated with serious side effects, including an increased risk of infection. Therefore, the development of herbal-based immunosuppressive agents has become an urgent area that needs to be explored. Hemigraphis colorata (H. colorata) and Alstonia scholaris (A. scholaris) are known to contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and alkaloids with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and their combination is hypothesized to provide synergistic effects as a safer immunosuppressant agent with minimal toxicity. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of combined leaf extracts of H. colorata and A. scholaris in inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme activity and reducing proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1ß), interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1a), and interleukin-2 (IL-2) in vitro. Extraction was carried out via maceration using 30% ethanol, producing five formulas based on various mixing ratios of the two plants. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, total flavonoid content was assessed colorimetrically, and preliminary toxicity was tested using the brine shrimp lethality test. Immunosuppressive activity was examined in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), while COX-2 inhibition was measured using an inhibitor screening assay kit. The results showed that all formulas were categorized as non-toxic. Formula F5, with a 2:1 ratio of H. colorata to A. scholaris, demonstrated high flavonoid content and strong antioxidant activity. This formula also exhibited notable inhibition of COX-2 and significantly reduced TNF-a, IL-6, IL-1ß, IL-1a, and IL-2 levels in a dosedependent manner. Compared to single extracts, the combination extract provided enhanced biological activity with lower toxicity. In conclusion, the combination of H. colorata and A. scholaris leaf extracts shows strong potential as an effective and safe herbal-based immunosuppressant. The synergistic effect of both extracts enhances anti-inflammatory activity while minimizing toxic side effects, making it highly promising for development as an alternative therapy in the management of excess inflammation and immune hypersensitivity.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/166148
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      • MT - Mathematics and Natural Science [4149]

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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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