Profil Metabolit Ekstrak n-Heksana Kayu Ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri Teijsm. & Binn.) Kalimantan Menggunakan GC-MS
Abstract
Pohon ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri) merupakan salah satu pohon yang terancam punah dan dilindungi keberadaanya. Ulin merupakan kelompok kayu kuat kelas I dan kayu awet I. Ulin diduga memiliki ketahanan yang tinggi terhadap serangan hama rayap dan jamur. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi profil metabolit volatil dari ekstrak kayu ulin meggunakan alat GC-MS. Simplisia kayu ulin diekstraksi menggunakan pelarut n-heksana dan diinjeksikan kepada GC-MS. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ulin mengandung senyawa golongan metabolit sekunder seperi alkaloid, terpena, terpenoid, fenolik, dan flavonoid. Senyawa terpena seperti Limonena, D-Limonena, Eukaliptol dan golongan monoterpena lainnya banyak diidentifkasi dikarenakan berat bobot molekulnya yang rendah menjadikan senyawa ini bersifat volatil. Senyawa terpenoid yang teridentifikasi merupakan Seychelles dan 1H-3a,7-Methanoazulene, 2,3,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-1,4,9,9-tetramethyl-. Senyawa alkaloid teridentifikasi adalah Pyrido[2,3-g]indola, 4-Metil-3,4-dihidro-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pirimidin-5,7-dion berperan sebagai antirayap dan antifungi. Senyawa fenolik teridentifikasi berupa fenol dan Hidroksitoluena Butilasi (BHT) serta senyawa flavonoid berupa pinostrobin. Selain metabolit sekunder, ditemukan senyawa lain yaitu hidrazin dan asam lemak. Ironwood (Eusideroxylon zwageri) is an endangered and protected tree species. Ulin is classified as class I strong wood and class I durable wood. It is suspected to have high resistance to termite and fungal attacks. This study aimed to identify the volatile metabolite profile of ironwood extract using GC-MS. Ulin wood simplicia was extracted using n-hexane solvent and injected into the GC-MS. The results of this study indicate that ulin contains secondary metabolite compounds such as alkaloids, terpenes, terpenoids, phenolics, and flavonoids. Terpene compounds such as limonene, D-limonene, eucalyptol, and other monoterpenes were identified due to their low molecular weight, making them volatile. Identified terpenoid compounds include seychelles and 1H-3a,7-methanoazulene, 2,3,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-1,4,9,9-tetramethyl-. The identified alkaloid compounds are pyrido[2,3-g]indole, 4-methyl-3,4-dihydro-[1,2,3]triazolo [4,5-d]pyrimidine-5,7-dione, which act as anti-termite and antifungal agents. Identified phenolic compounds are phenol and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and flavonoid compound is pinostrobin. Other compounds such as hydrazine and fatty acids were also found.
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