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      Hidrolisis Asam, Identifikasi, dan Kuantifikasi Asam Amino dari Bulu Kambing Jawa (Capra aegagrus hircus) dan Bulu Domba Garut (Ovis aries)

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      Date
      2024
      Author
      Firdaus, Dzikri Anfasa
      Andrianto, Dimas
      Darmawan, Noviyan
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      Abstract
      Permintaan terhadap Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAA) terus meningkat, terutama dalam industri makanan dan minuman fungsional serta suplemen makanan. Keratin merupakan protein biopolimer yang bersifat struktural dan berserat, yang menyusun jaringan epitel pada kulit hewan, bulu, dan tanduk. a Keratin adalah jenis keratin yang terdapat dalam bulu, rambut, dan wol. Besarnya populasi kambing dan domba menghasilkan limbah bulu yang melimpah sehingga menimbulkan masalah lingkungan. Meskipun kandungan asam amino pada protein keratin telah diidentifikasi sejak lama, identifikasi asam amino pada bulu hewan domestikasi seperti kambing Jawa dan domba Garut yang banyak ditemukan di Indonesia masih terbatas. Protein keratin dapat dihidrolisis menggunakan metode hidrolisis asam untuk memecah ikatan peptida menjadi asam amino yang lebih sederhana. Metode ini umumnya digunakan dalam skala industri karena prosedurnya yang lebih sederhana, efisien, dan ekonomis. Hidrolisis asam tidak banyak dipengaruhi oleh kondisi lingkungan, sehingga prosesnya dapat dilakukan dengan mudah. Selain itu, metode hidrolisis asam memiliki situs pemotongan rantai peptida yang tidak spesifik, memungkinkan pemecahan ikatan peptida yang lebih sempurna. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan hidrolisis asam mengidentifikasi dan mengkuantifikasi asam amino dari bulu kambing Jawa (Capra aegagrus hircus) dan bulu domba Garut (Ovis aries). Prosesnya meliputi persiapan sampel, hidrolisis asam, analisis kualitatif protein terhidrolisis dengan uji biuret, presipitasi pada pH isoelektrik, pencirian gugus fungsi dengan FTIR, analisis jenis dan konsentrasi asam amino dengan HPLC, serta analisis ANOVA. Hasil presipitasi menunjukkan rendemen keratin sebesar 0,65% untuk bulu kambing Jawa dan 0,32% untuk bulu domba Garut. FTIR mengidentifikasi gugus karboksilat (1643,23 cm?¹), amina (1056,91 cm?¹ untuk bulu domba dan 1049,2 cm?¹ untuk bulu kambing), disulfida (609,46 cm?¹), dan ester (1164,92 cm?¹) pada kedua sampel. HPLC menunjukkan isoleusin sebagai asam amino tertinggi (0,6% b/b). Simpulan dari penelitian ini, bulu kambing Jawa mengungkap 16 jenis asam amino, dengan isoleusin sebagai asam amino tertinggi sebesar 0,6% b/b. Hasil ini menunjukkan potensi limbah bulu kambing Jawa sebagai sumber suplemen BCAA.
       
      The demand for Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAA) continues to increase, especially in the functional food and beverage industry as well as dietary supplements. Keratin is a structural and fibrous biopolymer protein that makes up the epithelial tissues in animal skin, feathers, and horns. a-Keratin is a type of keratin found in feathers, hair, and wool. The large populations of goats and sheep produce abundant hair waste, creating environmental problems. Although the amino acid content in keratin protein has long been identified, the identification of amino acids in the feathers of domesticated animals such as Javanese goats and Garut sheep, which are commonly found in Indonesia, is still limited. Keratin protein can be hydrolyzed using acid hydrolysis to break the peptide bonds into simpler amino acids. This method is commonly used on an industrial scale due to its simplicity, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. Acid hydrolysis is not significantly affected by environmental conditions, making the process easy to perform. Additionally, acid hydrolysis has non-specific peptide chain cleavage sites, allowing for more complete peptide bond breakdown. This study aims to conduct acid hydrolysis, to identify, and quantify amino acids from the hair of Javanese goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) and Garut sheep (Ovis aries). The process includes sample preparation, acid hydrolysis, qualitative analysis of hydrolyzed proteins using the biuret test, precipitation at isoelectric pH, functional group characterization using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), amino acid type and concentration analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and ANOVA analysis. Precipitation results show a keratin yield of 0.65% for Javanese goat hair and 0.32% for Garut sheep hair. FTIR identified carboxylate groups (1643.23 cm?¹), amine groups (1056.91 cm?¹ for sheep feathers and 1049.2 cm?¹ for goat feathers), disulfide groups (609.46 cm?¹), and ester groups (1164.92 cm?¹) in both samples. HPLC results indicate that isoleucine is the highest amino acid at 0.6% w/w. In conclusion, Javanese goat feathers revealed 16 types of amino acids, with isoleucine being the highest at 0.6% w/w. These findings indicate the potential of Javanese goat hair waste as a source of BCAA supplements.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/156743
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      • MT - Mathematics and Natural Science [4149]

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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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