Optimasi Kandungan Total Fenolik, Flavonoid, dan Kapasitas Antioksidan Rimpang Kunyit Hitam (Curcuma caesia Roxb.) secara Microwave-asissted Extraction

Abstract

Optimasi kandungan total fenolik, flavonoid, dan kapasitas antioksidan rimpang kunyit hitam (Curcuma caesia Roxb.) secara microwave-assisted extraction belum dilakukan. Penelitian bertujuan menentukan jenis dan rasio volume pelarut terhadap padatan optimum pada proses ekstraksi berdasarkan kadar total fenolik, flavonoid, dan kapasitas antioksidan menggunakan response surface methodology. Rimpang kunyit hitam diekstraksi dengan teknik microwave-assisted extraction. Optimasi terbaik diperoleh pada kadar total fenolik sebesar 2,15 ± 0,20 mg GAE/g BB pada etanol 73,2% dengan rasio 11,1:1, kadar total flavonoid sebesar 1,02 ± 0,09 mg QE/g BB pada etanol 90% dengan rasio 10,25:1, dan kapasitas antioksidan DPPH dan FRAP secara berturut-turut sebesar 0,11 ± 0,00 µmol TE/g BB dan 10,83 ± 0,22 µmol TE/g BB pada etanol 57% dengan rasio 12:1. Hasil solusi optimasi diperoleh dengan konsentrasi pelarut etanol 89,656% dan rasio volume pelarut terhadap padatan 10,987:1 dengan nilai desirability sebesar 1,000.

Optimization of the total phenolic content, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity of black turmeric rhizomes (Curcuma caesia Roxb.) using microwave-assisted extraction has not been done. The research aimed to optimize the type of solvent and the volume ratio of solvent to solids as factors that influence extraction results based on total phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity based on response surface methodology. Black turmeric rhizomes were extracted using the microwave-assisted extraction technique. The best optimization results were obtained at a total phenolic content of 2,15 ± 0,20 mg GAE/g WW in 73,2% ethanol with a ratio 11,1:1, a total flavonoid content of 1,02 ± 0,09 mg QE/g WW in 90% ethanol with a ratio of 10,25:1, and antioxidant capacity of DPPH and FRAP respectively were 0,11 ± 0,00 µmol TE/g WW and 10,83 ± 0,22 µmol TE/g WW in 57% ethanol with a ratio of 12:1. Optimization results were obtained with an ethanol solvent concentration of 89,656% and a solvent to solid volume ratio of 10,987:1 with a desirability value of 1,000.