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      Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) dan Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) Produksi Biopelet Berbahan Baku Limbah Kulit Kopi Arabika (Coffea arabica L.)

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      Date
      2024
      Author
      Rahmani, Safina
      Sucahyo, Lilis
      Supriyanto
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      Abstract
      Biopelet merupakan bahan bakar biomassa alternatif untuk mengurangi penggunaan bahan bakar fosil. Industri biopelet di Indonesia dituntut untuk menerapkan prinsip berkelanjutan dengan mengintegrasikan aspek lingkungan dan ekonomi dalam praktiknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan inventori, menganalisis dampak lingkungan, neraca energi, analisis sensitivitas, analisis biaya siklus hidup, serta memberikan rekomendasi produksi biopelet limbah kulit kopi yang berkelanjutan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer terkait informasi daur hidup biopelet limbah kulit kopi dengan batasan cradle-to-gate. Metode penilaian dampak yang digunakan, yaitu ReCipe 2016 Midpoint (H). Berdasarkan pengoperasian secara langsung, diperoleh kapasitas mesin pelletizer sebesar 0,86 kg/jam untuk perlakuan pirolisis dan 6,03 kg/jam untuk perlakuan tanpa pirolisis. Potensi dampak lingkungan per kg biopelet dihasilkan nilai GWP 2,08 kg CO2 eq; SOD 6,84x10^(-6) kg CFC11 eq; HCT 0,248 kg 1,4-DCB; TEC 11,966 kg 1,4-DCB; TAC 6,66x10^(-3) kg SO2 eq; dan FEU 3,52x10^(-4) kg P eq pada perlakuan dengan pirolisis, dan GWP 0,218 kg CO2 eq; SOD 6,73x10^(-8) kg CFC11 eq; HCT 0,011 kg 1,4-DCB; TEC 2,956 kg 1,4-DCB; TAC 6,57x10^(-4) kg SO2 eq; dan FEU 6,26x10^(-5) kg P eq pada perlakuan tanpa pirolisis. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan neraca energi, NEG dan NER yang diperoleh pada perlakuan pirolisis sebesar 6,73 MJ/kg dan 1,37, sedangkan pada perlakuan tanpa pirolisis sebesar 14,93 MJ/kg dan 7,16. Analisis sensitivitas dengan skenario model jarak dan pemanfaatan limbah asap pirolisis menjadi asap cair menunjukkan pengaruh yang positif terhadap dampak lingkungan dan neraca energi. Hasil analisis biaya siklus hidup dengan jumlah bahan baku yang diolah sebesar 27 ton/tahun dan dengan asumsi kapasitas mesin pelletizer sebesar 100 kg/jam, menunjukkan total biaya produksi/tahun sebesar Rp 40.193.266, BPP sebesar Rp 2.189/kg, pendapatan/tahun sebesar Rp 91.800.000, dan keuntungan/tahun sebesar Rp 51.606.734.
       
      Biopellets are an alternative biomass fuel to reduce the use of fossil fuels. Indonesia’s biopellet industry is required to apply sustainable principles by integrating environmental and economic aspects into its practices. This research’s main objectives are to carry out an inventory, analyze environmental impacts, energy balance, sensitivity analysis, life cycle cost analysis, and provide recommendations for sustainable production of coffee skin waste biopellets in Indonesia. This research uses primary data related to information on the life cycle of coffee skin waste biopellets with cradle-to-gate limitations. The impact assessment method used is ReCipe 2016 Midpoint (H). Based on direct operation, the pelletizer machine capacity was obtained at 0,86 kg/hour for pyrolysis treatment and 6,03 kg/hour for treatment without pyrolysis. The potential environmental impact of each kg of biopellets produces a GWP value 2,08 kg CO2 eq; SOD 6,84x10^(-6) kg CFC11 eq; HCT 0,248 kg 1,4-DCB; TEC 11,966 kg 1,4-DCB; TAC 6,66x10^(-3) kg SO2 eq; FEU 3,52x10^(-4) kg P eq in pyrolysis treatment, and GWP 0,218 kg CO2 eq; SOD 6,73x10^(-8) kg CFC11 eq; HCT 0,011 kg 1,4-DCB; TEC 2,956 kg 1,4-DCB; TAC 6,57x10^(-4) kg SO2 eq; FEU 6,26x10^(-5) kg P eq in treatment without pyrolysis. Based on the results of energy balance calculations, NEG and NER, the results obtained in the pyrolysis treatment were 6,73 MJ/kg and 1,37, while in the treatment without pyrolysis was 14,93 MJ/kg and 7,16. Sensitivity analysis with the distance model scenario and utilization of pyrolysis smoke waste into liquid smoke shows a positive effect on environmental impacts and energy balance. The result of the life cycle cost analysis with the amount of raw material processed being 27 tons/year and assuming a pelletizer machine capacity of 100 kg/hour, shows the total production cost/year is IDR 40.193.266, the basic production cost is IDR 2.189/kg, income/year is IDR 91.800.000, and profit/year is IDR 51.606.734.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/152966
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      • UT - Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering [3593]

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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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