Kadar Fenolik Total dan Flavonoid Total Berbagai Aksesi Kayu Ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri) Asal Kalimantan

Abstract

Pohon ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri) menjadi salah satu pohon yang dilindungi dan terancam punah. Kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder pada pohon ulin diduga memiliki ketahanan tinggi terhadap serangan hama seperti rayap. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengukur kadar fenolik total dan kadar flavonoid total dari 15 aksesi kayu ulin asal Kalimantan. Simplisia kayu ulin diuji kadar air, serta ekstrak etanol kayu ulin diuji kadar fenolik total dan flavonoid totalnya. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji one-way ANOVA, uji lanjut Tukey, dan Analisis Komponen Utama (AKU). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar air dari 15 aksesi mempunyai rentang nilai 4,85 – 9,36 % (b/b). Kadar fenolik total dan flavonoid total tertinggi yaitu pada aksesi XVI.E.197 dan IX.C.7 secara berturut-turut sebesar 700,55 mg GAE/g dan 16,81 mg QE/g. Hasil skor plot AKU menunjukkan klasterisasi terbagi menjadi tiga kelompok yaitu rendah, sedang, dan tinggi. Dengan demikian, perlu dilakukan uji lanjutan untuk menganalisis senyawa spesifik yang terkandung dan melakukan uji aktivitas ekstrak kayu ulin sebagai anti rayap.

The ulin tree (Eusideroxylon zwageri) is one of the protected and endangered trees. The content of secondary metabolite compounds in ulin trees is thought to have high resistance to pests such as termites. This study aims to measure the total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of 15 ironwood accessions from Kalimantan. Simplisia of ulin wood was tested for moisture content, and ethanol extract of ulin wood was tested for total phenolic content and total flavonoids. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA test, Tukey test, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed that the moisture content of the 15 accessions ranged from 4,85 – 9,36% (w/w). The highest total phenolic and total flavonoid levels were in accessions XVI.E.197 and IX.C.7 at 700,55 mg GAE/g and 16,81 mg QE/g, respectively. The results of the PCA plot score show that the clusterization is divided into three groups, namely low, medium, and high. Thus, it is necessary to conduct further tests to analyze the specific compounds contained and test the activity of ironwood extracts as termite repellents.