Hubungan Aktivitas Fisik, Pengetahuan, dan Tingkat Kecukupan Gizi Dengan Status Gizi Siswa SMP Boarding School

Abstract

Remaja membutuhkan energi dan zat gizi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan masa pertumbuhan dan aktivitas fisik yang dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan gizi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan aktivitas fisik, pengetahuan, dan tingkat kecukupan gizi dengan status gizi siswa SMP boarding school. Desain penelitian cross sectional study dengan 43 subjek di SMPIT Al Bunyan, Cikaret. Hasil tingkat aktivitas fisik subjek tergolong sangat ringan dan ringan. Pengetahuan gizi berkategori rendah sebanyak 60,5%. Tingkat kecukupan gizi (TKG) berupa energi berkategori cukup 32,6%, berlebih 20,9%, dan defisit 46,5%, protein berkategori cukup 14%, berlebih 9,3%, dan defisit 76,7%, lemak berkategori cukup 18,6%, berlebih 7%, dan defisit 74,4%, serta karbohidrat berkategori cukup 25,6%, berlebih 34,9%, dan defisit 39,5%. Subjek dengan status gizi kurang memiliki TKG yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan status gizi obes. Subjek dengan status gizi obes ternyata mempunyai asupan zat gizi yang rendah pada saat food recall dilakukan. Uji statistik menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat kecukupan energi (p=0,001, r=-0,484), protein (p=0,000, r=-0,515), dan karbohidrat (p=0,000, r=-0,535) dengan status gizi. Tidak ada hubungan signifikan antara aktivitas fisik, pengetahuan gizi, dan tingkat kecukupan lemak dengan status gizi.

Adolescents require energy and nutrients to meet the needs of growth and physical activity which are influenced by nutritional knowledge. This study aims to analyze the relationship between physical activity, knowledge, and the level of nutritional adequacy with the nutritional status of boarding school junior high school students. The research design was a cross sectional study with 43 subjects at Integrated Islamic Junior High School of Al Bunyan, Cikaret. Physical activity level of the subjects were classified very light and light. Nutritional knowledge was categorized low as 60.5%. The nutritional adequacy level (NAL) in the form of energy was categorized sufficient 32.6%, excess 20.9%, and deficit 46.5%, protein was categorized sufficient 14%, excess 9.3%, and deficit 76.7%, fat was categorized sufficient 18.6%, excess 7%, and deficit 74.4%, and carbohydrates was categorized sufficient 25.6%, excess 34.9%, and deficit 39.5%, respectively. The NAL of undernourished subjects were observed to be higher than NAL compared to obese subjects. Subjects with obesity were found to have low intakes nutrients at the time of food recall conducted. The result of this study showed significant correlation between the adequacy level of energy (p=0.001, r=-0.484), protein (p=0.000, r=-0.515), and carbohydrates (p=0.000, r=-0.535) with nutritional status. There was no significant correlation between physical activity, nutritional knowledge, and fat adequacy with nutritional status.