Stabilitas Tiga Genotipe Gandarusa pada Tiga Lokasi Penanaman Berdasarkan Kadar Total Fenolik dan Aktivitas Antioksidan

Abstract

Gandarusa (Justicia gendarussa Burm. f.) adalah tanaman herbal yang dapat dikembangkan potensinya berdasarkan stabilitas genotipenya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menyeleksi tiga genotipe dengan penanaman multilokasi (Bogor, Cianjur, dan Sukabumi) berdasarkan parameter kadar total fenolik dan aktivitas antioksidan metode DPPH dan FRAP. Sampel diekstraksi menggunakan etanol proanalisis. Kadar total fenolik diuji menggunakan metode Follin-Ciocalteu. Aktivitas antioksidan diukur menggunakan metode DPPH dan FRAP. Data hasil pengukuran dianalisis menggunakan uji Scott-Knott dan AMMI-2. Hasil biplot AMMI-2 menunjukkan bahwa genotipe G2 (batang hitam) dapat beradaptasi secara spesifik pada lokasi Cianjur, sedangkan genotipe G1 (batang hijau) dan G3 (daun putih) tidak spesifik pada satu lokasi tertentu. Lalu, tidak ada genotipe yang stabil pada semua lokasi (Bogor, Cianjur, dan Sukabumi), sehingga diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk pengembangan genotipe gandarusa lain yang stabil di berbagai lokasi berdasarkan kandungan total fenolik dan kapasitas antioksidan (DPPH dan FRAP).

Gandarusa (Justicia gendarussa Burm. f.) is a herbal plant that can be developed based on its genotypic stability. This study aims to select three genotypes with multi-location plantings (Bogor, Cianjur, and Sukabumi) based on parameters of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Samples were extracted using ethanol proanalysis. Total phenolic levels were tested using the Follin-Ciocalteu method. Antioxidant activity was measured using the DPPH and FRAP methods. The results were analyzed using the Scott-Knott and AMMI-2 tests. The results of the AMMI-2 biplot showed that genotype G2 (black stem) can adapt specifically to the Cianjur location, while genotypes G1 (green stem) and G3 (white leaves) are not specific to one particular location. Then, there is no stable genotype at all locations (Bogor, Cianjur, and Sukabumi), so further research is needed to develop other willow genotypes that are stable in various locations based on total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity (DPPH and FRAP).