Interaksi Genotipe dan Lingkungan Berdasarkan Kandungan Flavonoid, Terpenoid, serta Aktivitas Antioksidan Tanaman Gandarusa

Abstract

Gandarusa (Justicia gendarussa Burm. f.) merupakan tanaman yang sering dimanfaatkan karena kandungan antioksidannya. Gandarusa menghasilkan variasi akumulasi metabolit sekunder jika ditanam pada lingkungan yang berbeda-beda. Penelitian bertujuan mengukur kandungan flavonoid, terpenoid, serta aktivitas antioksidan pada daun gandarusa dan mendapatkan informasi mengenai stabilitas gandarusa terhadap penanaman di tiga lokasi (Bogor, Cianjur, Sukabumi). Tahapan penelitian meliputi pengujian kadar total flavonoid, kadar total terpenoid, dan aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC) serta 2,20-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) dan adaptasi gandarusa terhadap penanaman multilokasi. Semua parameter uji rata-rata tertinggi pada lokasi Cianjur dan genotipe G2, kecuali kadar total terpenoid pada genotipe G3. Stabilitas genotipe dan lingkungan menunjukkan genotipe G1 spesifik pada lokasi Bogor, genotipe G2 spesifik pada lokasi Cianjur, dan genotipe G3 spesifik pada lokasi Sukabumi pada kadar total flavonoid. Genotipe G1 spesifik pada lokasi Bogor, genotipe G2 spesifik pada lokasi Sukabumi, dan genotipe G3 spesifik pada lokasi Cianjur pada kadar total terpenoid. Aktivitas antioksidan metode CUPRAC menunjukkan genotipe G1 spesifik pada lokasi Cianjur dan genotipe G2 spesifik pada lokasi Sukabumi, dan genotipe G3 spesifik pada lokasi Bogor. Aktivitas antioksidan metode ABTS menunjukkan genotipe G1 spesifik pada lokasi Sukabumi, genotipe G2 spesifik pada lokasi Bogor, dan genotipe G3 spesifik pada lokasi Cianjur.

Willow-leaved justicia (Justicia gendarussa Burm. f.) is often used because of its antioxidant content. Differences in environmental conditions could indirectly affect the plant’s antioxidant activity. This research aimed to measure flavonoid, terpenoid, and antioxidant activity, also information about the stability of willow-leaved justicia on cultivation in three locations (Bogor, Cianjur, Sukabumi). This research used four types of parameters which are total flavonoid content, total terpenoid content, and antioxidant activity measured by the CUPRAC assay and ABTS assay. The highest in all parameters was obtained from Cianjur and G2, except total terpenoid content in G3. Genotype and environment stability indicated G1 had good stability at Bogor, G2 had good stability at Cianjur, and G3 had good stability at Sukabumi on total flavonoid content parameter. G1 had good stability at Bogor, G2 had good stability at Sukabumi, and G3 had good stability at Cianjur on total terpenoid content. The CUPRAC assay showed that G1 had good stability at Cianjur and G2 had good stability at Sukabumi, and G3 had good stability at Bogor. The ABTS assay showed that G1 had good stability at Sukabumi, G2 had good stability at Bogor, and G3 had good stability at Cianjur.