Analisis In Silico dan In Vitro Inhibisi α-Glukosidase oleh Ekstrak Etanol Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) Asal Sukabumi

Abstract

Indonesia menempati peringkat kelima penderita diabetes melitus terbanyak di dunia sehingga perlu adanya pengobatan antidiabetes yang efektif salah satunya dengan mekanisme penghambatan enzim α-glukosidase. Obat antidiabetes sintetik dalam jangka waktu panjang dapat memberikan efek samping. Oleh karena itu, penggunaan obat herbal perlu dilakukan karena dinilai lebih aman. Jahe merah telah banyak dimanfaatkan dalam bidang medis dan diharapkan berpotensi menghambat aktivitas enzim α-glukosidase. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengukur aktivitas inhibisi enzim α-glukosidase oleh ekstrak etanol jahe merah asal Sukabumi dan menentukan ligan terbaik melalui studi in silico. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan maserasi dalam etanol 70% dan dilakukan pembacaan absorbansi inhibisi enzim, sedangkan studi in silico dilakukan dengan molecular docking. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai IC50 penghambatan enzim α-glukosidase sebesar 50.139,719 ± 0,481 μg/mL dan didapatkan dua ligan terbaik yaitu 6- shogaol dan 6-gingerol yang memiliki nilai ΔG dan Ki mendekati akarbosa (ligan pembanding terbaik), lolos uji toksisitas, serta berinteraksi dengan banyak situs pengikatan dan situs katalitik yang terletak di dalam poket situs aktif

Indonesia is in the fifth position with the most diabetes mellitus sufferers globally, so effective antidiabetic treatment is needed, such as the mechanism of inhibiting the α-glucosidase enzyme. Synthetic antidiabetic drugs, in the long term, can have side effects. Therefore, the use of herbal medicines is necessary because they are considered safer. Red ginger has been widely used in the medical field, and it has expected to have the potential to inhibit the activity of α-glucosidase. This study aimed to measure the inhibitory activity of α-glucosidase enzyme by the ethanol extract of red ginger from Sukabumi and determine the best ligand through in silico study. This research was carried out by maceration in 70% ethanol and reading the absorbance of enzyme inhibition, while in silico studies were carried out by molecular docking. The results showed that the IC50 value for inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme was 50.139,719 ± 0.481 μg/mL. Two best ligands were obtained, namely 6-shogaol and 6-gingerol, which had ΔG and Ki values close to acarbose (the best comparison ligand), passed toxicity testing and interacted with many binding sites and catalytic sites that were located in active site pocket