Keterkaitan antara Kebiasaan Sarapan dan Kebiasaan Jajan dengan Status Gizi Remaja di Kota Cirebon

Abstract

Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis hubungan kebiasaan sarapan dan jajan dengan status gizi remaja di Kota Cirebon. Penelitian comparative cross-sectional study ini melibatkan 92 subjek (46 subjek gemuk dan 46 subjek berstatus gizi normal). Data karakteristik subjek dan keluarga, kebiasaan sarapan, dan kebiasaan jajan diperoleh melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner. Data antropometri diperoleh dengan pengukuran secara langsung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat pendidikan orang tua signifikan lebih tinggi dan kontribusi energi sarapan signifikan (p<0,05) lebih rendah pada subjek gemuk dibandingkan dengan subjek status gizi normal. Mayoritas subjek gemuk (43,5%) jarang mengonsumsi sarapan sedangkan mayoritas subjek status gizi normal (37,0%) selalu mengonsumsi sarapan. Kontribusi sarapan sebagian besar subjek gemuk (52,2%) adalah kurang sedangkan pada subjek normal (54,3%) adalah sedang. Frekuensi jajan subjek gemuk (60,9%) dan normal (52,2%) memiliki frekuensi jajan sering (>2 kali/minggu) sedangkan kontribusi energi jajanan tinggi untuk subjek gemuk dan sedang untuk subjek berstatus gizi normal. Tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan (p>0,05) antara karakteristik keluarga dengan kebiasaan jajan, kebiasaan sarapan dengan kebiasaan jajan, kebiasaan jajan dengan status gizi, dan frekuensi sarapan dengan status gizi, tetapi terdapat hubungan signifikan positif (p=0,01; r=0,22) antara kontribusi energi sarapan dengan status gizi. Hasil ini mengindikasikan semakin tinggi kontribusi energi sarapan, maka semakin normal status gizi subjek.

This research aimed to analyze correlation between breakfast and snacking habits with nutritional status of adolescents in Cirebon City. This comparative cross-sectional study involved 92 subjects (46 subjects of each overweight/obese (OWO) and normal nutritional status). Characteristics of subject and their family, breakfast and snacking habits data were obtained through interviewed, anthropometric data were obtained from direct measurements. The results showed that parental education level was significant higher and breakfast energy contribution was significant lower (p<0.05) of OWO subject than normal. Most of OWO subjects rarely consume breakfast while most of normal subjects always consume breakfast. The breakfast energy contribution of most OWO and normal subjects was categorized as low and moderate, respectively. The frequency of snacking of both subjects was mostly frequent (>2 times / week) while snack energy contribution of OWO and normal subjects were high and moderate, respectively. There was no significant relationship (p>0.05) between family characteristics and snacking habits, breakfast and snacking habits, snacking habits and nutritional status, and breakfast frequency and nutritional status, but there was positive significant relationship (p=0.01; r=0.22) between breakfast energy contribution and nutritional status. These indicated that higher the breakfast energy contribution, the more normal the nutritional status of the subjects.