Pengetahuan Gizi Ibu, Pola Asuh Makan, Picky Eating, dan Hubungannya dengan Status Gizi Anak Autis di Kota Bogor

Abstract

Perilaku memilih makan atau picky eating sering terjadi pada anak autis. Perilaku Picky eating yang tidak segera ditangani berpengaruh terhadap optimalisasi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan pengetahuan gizi ibu, pola asuh makan, picky eating dan hubungannya dengan status gizi anak autis di Kota Bogor. Desain penelitian yang digunakan yaitu cross sectional study dengan jumlah subjek sebanyak 35 orang yang berada di beberapa SLB, diantaranya yaitu SLB Dharma Wanita, Tunas Kasih 2, Sejahtera, dan SDN Perwira Kota Bogor. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret-April 2023. Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui pengisian kuesioner, wawancara, serta pengukuran antropometri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas memiliki status gizi normal (57,1%) dan overweight serta obesitas (40,0%). Derajat autis subjek mayoritas autis sedang (68,6%), Pengetahuan gizi ibu (91,4%) baik. Sebagian besar (82,9%) ibu menerapkan pola asuh makan encouragement to eat. Tingkat kecukupan energi subjek mayoritas defisit ringan (80,0%), protein cukup (42,86%), lemak berlebih (80,0%), dan karbohidrat defisit berat (100,0%). Uji korelasi menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara perilaku picky eating dan status gizi, pola asuh makan dengan picky eating, pengetahuan gizi ibu dengan pola asuh makan, pengetahuan gizi dengan picky eating, serta tingkat kecukupan energi, protein, lemak, dan karbohidrat dengan status gizi (p>0,05).

Picky eating behavior often occurs in autistic children. Picky eating behavior that is not immediately addressed affects the optimization of children's growth and development. This study aims to analyze the relationship between maternal nutritional knowledge, parenting patterns, picky eating and the relationship with the nutritional status of autistic children in Bogor City. The research used cross-sectional study with a total of 35 subjects in several special schools including Dharma Wanita, Tunas Kasih 2, Sejahtera, and Perwira Elementary School Bogor City. This research was conducted in March-April 2023. Data was collected through filling out questionnaires, interviews, and anthropometric measurements. Majority subject had normal nutritional status (57.1%), overweight and obese (40.0%). Majority subject had moderate autism level (68.6%), mother's nutritional knowledge (91.4%) was good. The majority (82.9%) of mothers apply encouragement to eat style. The majority of the subject's energy adequacy levels were mild deficits (80.0%), sufficient protein (42.86%), excess fat (80.0%), and severe carbohydrate deficits (100.0%). There was no significant relationship between picky eating behavior and nutritional status, parenting style with picky eating, mother's nutrition knowledge and parenting style, nutrition knowledge and picky eating, and the level of adequacy of energy, protein, fat , and carbohydrates with nutritional status (p>0.05).