Hubungan Kualitas Diet dan Praktik Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) dengan Status Gizi Anak Prasekolah

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan kualitas diet dan praktik perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (PHBS) dengan status gizi anak prasekolah. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional study yang dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2022 pada 100 balita berusia 3-5 tahun di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Gang Kelor Bogor. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan responden dan observasi. Data kualitas diet dihitung berdasarkan hasil food recall 2x24 jam menggunakan Indeks Gizi Seimbang (IGS3-60) dan Dietary Diversity Score (DDS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hampir seluruh subjek (96%) memiliki kualitas diet buruk berdasarkan IGS3-60, namun berdasarkan DDS lebih dari 3/4 subjek (85%) memiliki skor keragaman pangan kategori sedang. Kategori PHBS baik hanya terdapat pada 1/4 subjek (23%). Terdapat hampir 1/5 subjek mengalami kekurangan gizi (underweight 17%, wasting 11%, dan stunting 19%), serta 1/5 subjek kelebihan gizi (overweight-obese 25%). Penelitian ini tidak menemukan hubungan yang signifikan (p>0,05) antara kualitas diet berdasarkan IGS3-60 dan DDS dengan status gizi subjek, demikian pula praktik PHBS dengan status gizi subjek (p>0,05), dan praktik PHBS dengan riwayat kesehatan subjek (p>0,05). Terdapat kecenderungan skor kualitas diet dan praktik PHBS yang lebih baik pada subjek dengan status gizi normal. Anak stunting dan obesitas cenderung memiliki skor kualitas diet dan praktik PHBS yang lebih rendah.

The aims of this study is to analyze the correlation between diet quality and practice of clean and healthy living behavior (PHBS) with nutritional status of preschoolers. This study conducted in November 2022 involved 100 of subjects aged 3-5 years old living in Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Gang Kelor Bogor. Data collected was done through interviews the respondents and observation. Diet quality data was calculated from 2x24 hour food recall using Balanced Nutrition Index of 3-60 (IGS3-60) and Dietary Diversity Score (DDS). Results showed that almost all subjects (96%) had poor diet quality based on Balanced Nutrition Index (IGS3-60), but according to the DDS, over 3/4 subjects (85%) had classified as moderate diet quality. Good classification of PHBS was obtained by only 1/4 of subjects (23%). Around 1/5 subjects are undernourished (underweight 17%, wasting 11%, and stunting 19%), also 1/5 subjects are overnourished (overweight- obese 25%). This study found no significant correlation between diet quality and PHBS with nutritional status of preschoolers (p>0.05) and PHBS with children health history either (p>0.05). There are tendency of better diet quality and practice of PHBS with better preschoolers nutritional status. Obese and stunting preschoolers tended to have lower diet quality and PHBS as well.