Efek Variasi Kecepatan Rotasi Modifikasi Rotating Biological Contactor terhadap Model Pengolahan Limbah Cair Kelapa Sawit

Abstract

Proses pemanfaatan tandan buah segar kelapa sawit menghasilkan limbah cair kelapa sawit (LCKS) yang harus diolah terlebih dahulu sebelum dibuang ke lingkungan. Untuk mengurangi konsentasi polutan pada LCKS, proses pengolahan limbah cair secara Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC) digunakan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh kecepatan rotasi terhadap kinerja RBC dalam pengolahan LCKS. Variasi kecepatan rotasi yang diteliti yaitu 3, 5 dan 8 rpm. Prosedur penelitian dilakukan dalam tiga tahap, yaitu rancang bangun reaktor RBC, seeding dan aklimatisasi, serta uji dan analisis kinerja RBC. Hasil pengoperasian RBC dengan kecepatan rotasi 3 rpm mendapat persen penyisihan terbesar, yaitu 67,4% SCOD; 92,4% TSS; 73% NH3. Melalui pengembangan pemodelan biokinetika, nilai μmxa, μmxs, Ya, Ys, Ku, Ks, K1, Kc’, Ko, O* diperoleh berurutan sebesar 0,0368 hari-1; 0,0255 hari-1; 0,4012 mgMLSS/mgSCOD; 0,3021 mgMLSS/mgSCOD; 10 mg/L; 30 mg/L; 2; 0,03 m/hari; 0,001 mg/L; 2 mg/L. Validasi kelaikan dan uji statistik diperoleh hasil bahwa model biokinetika memiliki kemampuan yang presisi dalam memprediksi proses pengolahan LCKS berdasarkan data pengukuran.

The utilization process of fresh oil palm fruit bunches yields palm oil mill effluent (POME), which requires pre-treatment before being discharged into the environment. To mitigate the concentration of pollutants in POME, the Rotating Biological Contactor process is employed for wastewater treatment. The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of rotational speed on the performance of RBC in treating POME. The rotational speeds studied were 3, 5, and 8 rpm. The research was conducted in three stages: RBC reactor design and construction, seeding and acclimatization, and RBC performance testing. The results showed that the RBC operated at a rotational speed of 3 rpm achieved the highest removal percentages, 67.4% for SCOD, 92.4% for TSS, and 73% for NH3. Through the development of biokinetic modeling, the values of μmxa, μmxs, Ya, Ys, Ku, Ks, K1, Kc’, Ko, O* were determined as follows: 0,0368 day-1; 0,0255 day-1; 0,4012 mgMLSS/mgSCOD; 0,3021 mgMLSS/mgSCOD; 10 mg/L; 30 mg/L; 2; 0,03 m/day; 0,001 mg/L; and 2 mg/L, respectively. Through fitness validation and statistical analysis, it was found that the biokinetic model exhibited a high level of accuracy in predicting the POME treatment process based on the measurement.