Hubungan Pengetahuan Gizi Ibu dan Pola Asuh Makan dengan Perilaku Makan Anak Prasekolah

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan pengetahuan gizi ibu dan pola asuh makan terhadap perilaku makan serta menganalisis hubungan perilaku makan dengan status gizi anak prasekolah. Desain penelitian adalah cross-sectional study melibatkan 100 anak usia 3-5 tahun di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Gang Kelor Bogor. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada November 2022. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan self-administered questionnaire. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 46% subjek tergolong picky eater. Tidak terdapat perbedaan karakteristik subjek dan keluarga antara kelompok picky eater dan non-picky eater (p>0,05), namun kelompok non-picky eater signifikan lebih sering sakit dan memiliki jumlah anggota keluarga lebih sedikit. Pengetahuan gizi sekitar ¾ ibu di kedua kelompok diklasifikan dalam kategori sedang. Tipe praktik pemberian makan yang paling banyak dipraktikkan di kedua kelompok adalah dengan tipe memberikan contoh makanan sehat (modelling). Separuh subjek dari kedua kelompok memiliki riwayat pemberian ASI yang eksklusif, namun sekitar ¾ subjek memiliki riwayat pemberian MPASI yang tidak sesuai. Hanya pada tipe praktik pemberian makan monitoring yang memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan pengetahuan gizi ibu (p=0,004). Tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara pengetahuan gizi ibu, praktik pemberian makan, riwayat ASI dan MPASI dengan perilaku makan anak (p>0,05) dan tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara perilaku makan anak dengan status gizi (p>0,05).

This study aims to analyze the relationship between mother nutrition knowledge and parenting feeding style with eating behavior and to analyze the relationship between eating behavior and nutritional status of preschooler. The research using a cross-sectional study design involving 100 children aged 3-5 years in Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Gang Kelor, Bogor. This research was conducted in November 2022. Data were collected through interviewed and a self-administered questionnaire. The results showed that 46% of the subjects were classified as picky eaters. There were no differences in subject and family characteristics between picky eaters and non-picky eaters (p>0.05), but non-picky eater group had significantly more frequent illness and had smaller family size. Around 3/4 of mother in both groups had moderate knowledge of nutrition. The most common type of feeding practice used was by modelling of healthy food. Half of the subjects from both groups had a history of exclusive breastfeeding however 3/4 of the subjects had a history of inappropriate complementary feeding. Only the type of monitoring feeding practices had a significant relationship with mother’s nutrition knowledge (p=0,004). There was no significant relationship between mother's nutritional knowledge, feeding practice, history of breastfeeding, and complementary foods with children's eating behavior (p>0.05), also no significant relationship between children's eating behavior and nutritional status (p>0.05).