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      Performance of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Fibers Reinforced Biocomposites Helmet

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      Date
      2017
      Author
      Hermawan, Bambang
      Nikmatin, Siti
      Sudaryanto
      Alatas, Husin
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      Abstract
      T h e p a l m o i l f a c t o r y i s n o t o n l y p r o d u c i n g c r u d e p a l m o i l ( C P O ) , b u t a l s o a s o l i d w a s t e k n o w n a s o i l p a l m e m p t y f r u i t b u n c h e s ( O P E F B ) a n d i t s b i o m a s s i s p l e n t i f u l . R e i n f o r c e m e n t o f a m a t r i x a c r y l o n i t r i l e b u t a d i e n e s t y r e n e ( A B S ) i s c o u l d b e d o n e u s i n g t h e O P E F B f i b e r . F i l l e r a n d m a t r i x h a v e b e e n c r o s s l i n k e d b y a d d i n g a c o u p l i n g a g e n t , m a l e i c a n h y d r i d e ( M A H ) . T h e c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f t h e f i l l e r a r e 1 0 % , 1 5 % a n d 2 0 % i n f i b e r s i z e r e s p e c t i v e l y w i t h c o n s t a n t a d d i t i v e . M o l e c u l a r a n a l y s i s a n d m e c h a n i c a l t e s t h a v e b e e n d o n e t o u n d e r s t a n d t h e i n f l u e n c e o f f i b e r s i z e t o w a r d m a t e r i a l c a p a b i l i t y t o r e c e i v e o u t e r d e f o r m a t i o n . S i n g l e s c r e w e x t r u d e r - S S E w a s u s e d t o f o r m a b i o c o m p o s i t e s g r a n u l a r c o n t i n u e d w i t h i n j e c t i o n m o l d i n g t o s h a p e d t e s t p i e c e s . T h e F T I R h a v e b e e n u s e d t o s e e a c h a n g i n g i n t h e m o l e c u l e s o f t h e c o n s t i t u e n t b i o c o m p o s i t e s A B S a n d O P E F B . T h e r e a c t i v i t y o f b u t a d i e n e a n d s t y r e n e t h r o u g h t h e d o u b l e b o n d - π c o n j u g a t e d s y s t e m , c o n t r i b u t e d t o t h e b o n d r e a c t i o n w i t h t h e m a l e i c a c i d a s c o u p l i n g a g e n t w h i c h w e r e g r a f t e d t o t h e s y s t e m . I t w a s c o n c l u d e d t h a t t h e p o s s i b l e g r a f t i n g r e a c t i o n o c c u r s b y t h e a d d i t i o n o f t h e M A H t o t h e d o u b l e b o n d o f t h e b u t a d i e n e a n d s t y r e n e . T h e h y d r o x y l g r o u p o f f i b e r s c a n i n t e r a c t w i t h t h i s m a l e i c a c i d t o f o r m a b o n d t h r o u g h t h e c a r b o x y l g r o u p . I n o r d e r t o a n a l y z e t h e r e s u l t s o f t h e m e c h a n i c a l t e s t , t h e F i s h e r l e a s t s i g n i f i c a n t d i f f e r e n c e ( L S D ) i n A N O V A m e t h o d w a s p e r f o r m e d ( - w i t h α = 0 , 0 5 - ) . T h e h e l m e t s h e l l s w e r e f a b r i c a t e d b y m o l d i n g m e t h o d , t h e n a s s e m b l e d t o b e c o m e a p r o t o t y p e h e l m e t w i t h a n a d d i t i o n o f e x p a n d e d p o l y s t y r e n e ( E P S ) a n d o t h e r a c c e s s o r i e s r e l a t e d t o t h e s a f e t y s t a n d a r d . T h e t e s t r e s u l t s a n d c a l c u l a t i o n s i n d i c a t e d t h a t t h e p r o t o t y p e h e l m e t s w e r e a b l e t o p r o v i d e a n a t u r a l f r e q u e n c y v a l u e b e l o w t h e m a x i m u m a c c e p t a b l e n a t u r a l f r e q u e n c y o f t h e s k u l l a n d t h e h u m a n b r a i n . B e s i d e t h a t t h e h e l m e t s w e r e a l s o a b l e t o w i t h s t a n d t h e p r e s s u r e u n d e r t h e m a x i m u m p r e s s u r e t h a t h u m a n s k u l l c a n b e a c c e p t e d . B a s e d o n t h e c r i t e r i a o f t h e S N I s t a n d a r d f o r h e l m e t s , t h e p r o t o t y p e h a s b e e n m e t v a r i o u s r e q u i r e d p a r a m e t e r s , o n e o f w h i c h i s t h e v a l u e o f h e a d i n j u r y c r i t e r i o n ( H I C ) . T h e r e f o r e , t h e O P E F B b i o c o m p o s i t e s h e l m e t i s s a f e a n d c o u l d b e u s e d a s a s e c u r i t y f o r t h e h e a d o f t h e m o t o r c y c l i s t .
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      • MT - Mathematics and Natural Science [4149]

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