Kaitan Kualitas Air terhadap Kinerja Produksi Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) dengan Sistem Intensif di BPBAP Takalar, Sulawesi Selatan

Abstract

Udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) memiliki lonjakan permintaan baik dari pasar lokal maupun pasar ekspor, dengan sistem budidaya udang vaname pada saat ini yaitu sistem intensif hingga supra intensif. Tingginya permintaan dan produksi udang sejalan dengan permasalahan yaitu penurunan kualitas air. Hubungan kualitas air sangat berpengaruh terhadap kinerja produksi sehingga perlu diperhatikan dan dijaga keseimbangannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kaitan kualitas air terhadap kinerja produksi pada tambak Divisi Pembesaran Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) di BPBAP Takalar, Sulawesi Selatan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian non eksperimental menggunakan data sekunder. Prosedur penelitian melakukan observasi lapangan, wawancara, dan menganalisis parameter kualitas air dengan kinerja produksi udang vaname. Parameter yang diamati yaitu laju pertumbuhan harian (LPH), kelangsungan hidup (KH), rasio konversi pakan (RKP), dan kualitas air. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif dengan pemaparan grafik dan uji statistik principal component analysis (PCA) serta uji korelasi. Hasil analisis deskriptif menunjukan nilai LPH, KH, dan RKP mengalami fluktuasi. Berdasarkan hasil uji PCA kualitas air yang memiliki hubungan terhadap LPH yaitu DO pagi, nitrit, nitrat, dan phospat sedangkan kinerja produksi KH dan RKP yang memiliki hubungan dengan alkalinitas, bahan organik, dan suhu pagi. Berdasarkan hasil uji korelasi kualitas air terhadap kinerja produksi dengan koefisien korelasi dan Sig(<0,05) dihasilkan LPH memiliki korelasi terhadap suhu sore dengan nilai (-0,045) (0,004), DO sore (0,669) (0,00), kecerahan (0,439) (0,005), nitrit (0,398) (0,011), nitrat (0,357) (0,024), dan bahan organic (-0,333) (0,036). Kualitas air yang memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap KH yaitu suhu pagi dengan nilai (0,340) (0,032) dan phospat (-0,343) (0,030). Hasil uji korelasi kualitas air terhadap RKP yang signifikan yaitu suhu pagi dengan nilai (0,324) (0,041) dan kecerahan (0,316) (0,047).

Vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) has a surge in demand from both the local and export markets, with the current vaname shrimp cultivation system, namely the intensive to supra intensive system. The high demand and production of shrimp is in line with the problem of decreasing water quality. Water quality correlation of aquaculture environment have impact to production performance so that it needs to be considered and maintained in balance. This study aims to analyze the relationship between water quality and production performance in the Vaname Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) rearing pond at BPBAP Takalar, South Sulawesi. This research is a non-experimental research using secondary data. The research procedure was conducting field observations, interviews, and analyzing water quality parameters with the production performance of vaname shrimp. Parameters observed were average daily growth (ADG), survival rate (SR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and water quality. Data analysis was carried out descriptively with graphic presentation and principal component analysis (PCA) statistical tests and correlation tests. The results of the descriptive analysis showed that the ADG, SR, and FCR values fluctuated. Based on the results of the PCA test, water quality that has a relationship with ADG is DO, nitrite, nitrate, and phosphate while the production performance of SR and FCR have a relationship with alkalinity, organic matter, and morning temperature. Based on the results of the correlation test of water quality on production performance with a correlation coefficient and Sig (<0.05) the resulting LPH has a correlation with afternoon temperature with values (-0.045) (0.004), afternoon DO (0.669) (0.00), brightness (0.439) (0.005), nitrite (0.398) (0.011), nitrate (0.357) (0.024), and organic matter (-0.333) (0.036). Water quality that has a significant effect on KH is the morning temperature with a value of (0.340) (0.032) and phosphate (-0.343) (0.030). The results of the correlation test of water quality on the RKP were significant, namely morning temperature with a value of (0.324) (0.041) and brightness (0.316) (0.047).