Prediksi Inhibitor Tirosinase dalam Tanaman Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum) dan Minyak Tamanu Lokal Asal Kebumen (Jawa Tengah)

Abstract

Hiperpigmentasi kulit dapat diatasi dengan menginhibisi enzim tirosinase pada proses melanogenesis. Inhibitor tirosinase komersial, seperti asam kojat telah terbukti menimbulkan beberapa efek samping yang cukup serius bagi kulit. Tanaman nyamplung diketahui memiliki aktivitas inhibitor tirosinase yang masih belum banyak diteliti di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan memprediksi senyawa inhibitor tirosinase dari tanaman nyamplung yang dibandingkan dengan berbagai senyawa yang teridentifikasi pada sampel minyak tamanu lokal asal Kebumen, Jawa Tengah. Sebanyak 54 senyawa teridentifikasi pada analisis KNApSAcK sedangkan 52 senyawa teridentifikasi pada GC-MS. Kedua analisis tersebut menemukan 7 senyawa asam lemak yang sama. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah teridentifikasinya 3 senyawa inhibitor tirosinase yang lebih baik dari asam kojat dan senyawa targetnya (asam kalofilat dan kalofilolida), yaitu senyawa 2,4-diamino-6-[[4-fenil-2-tiazolil]tio]kuinazolin, 1,5-dihidroksixanton, dan asam sinamat. Namun, asam sinamat paling direkomendasikan karena nilai indeks kemiripannya >89% dan diprediksi paling aman dari yang lainnya.

Skin hyperpigmentation can be overcome by inhibiting the tyrosinase enzyme in melanogenesis. Commercial tyrosinase inhibitor, such as kojic acid has been confirmed to cause some serious side effects for skin. Nyamplung plant has been confirmed to have tyrosinase inhibitory activity which still not widely studied in Indonesia. This study aims to predict tyrosinase inhibitors from the nyamplung plant compared with the compounds in local tamanu oil from Kebumen, Central Java. Fifty-four compounds were identified in KNApSAcK analysis whereas fifty-two compounds were identified in GC-MS. Both analyzes found 7 fatty acids that are similar. The conclusion of this research is the identification of 3 tyrosinase inhibitors which are better than kojic acid and their target compounds (calophyllic acid and calophyllolide), specifically 2,4-diamino-6-[[4-phenyl-2-thiazolyl]thio]quinazoline, 1,5-dihydroxyxanthone, and cinnamic acid. However, cinnamic acid is the most recommended compound because it has similarity index value >89% and predicted to be the safest compound from the others.